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Chongguosi 崇國寺 (Honouring the Nation Monastery) 150n.11 Daoism 88, 123, 124, 134–41, 165, 166, 168, 194
Chouhai tubian 籌海圖編 (Illustrated Compendium on Maritime Defence) Daoist Canon of the Zhengtong Reign (Zhengtong Daozang 正統道藏)
254 see Ming Daoist Canon
Chu Pengling 初彭齡 (d. 1825) 100 Daoyan 道衍 (Yao Guangxiao 姚廣孝) (1335–1418) 35, 123, 124,
Circular Mound Altar (Huanqiu 圜丘) see altars 143–6, 150
Cizhou ware 248, 249 portraits 143, 146, 146, 150
Clavijo, Ruy González de 229, 241 De’an 德安 (now Anlu 安陸) 163
cloth, as official salary 111 deforestation 49, 52, 54
clothing 5, 10, 28, 33, 39, 101, 146, 147, 149, 225, 237 Deng 鄧, Celestial Lord 135, 137, 139, 139, 141, 141
cloud motif 62, 64, 66, 81, 123, 124, 125, 146–9, 183, 238 Deshin Shekpa, Fifth Karmapa of Tibet (1384–1415) 33, 125,
‘cloud collar’ embroideries 230, 231 151n.60, 154, 154, 155, 159
Cloud Terrace, Juyong Pass 居庸關 180 Dingling 定陵 (Ding Mausoleum) 69
Cochin (Kezhi 柯枝, now Kochi) 23, 28, 28, 29, 32, 36, 239 Ding ware 117, 246
coins 30, 171, 172, 172, 230, 240, 251, 252n.23 Dongdadian 東大殿 (East Main Hall) see Foguangsi
bronze 165, 173 Dongmentou 東門頭 182, 251
copper 28, 33, 112, 117, 252n.23 Dongxi yang kao 東西洋考 (Study of the Eastern and Western Seas)
gold 78, 168 (Zhang Xie) 255, 256, 258
silver 30, 168 dragon motif 50, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 228, 230, 231, 238
Timurid dynasty, 1393 11, 12 see also thrones
Collected Glosses on the Precious Book of the Jade Pivot... (Jiutian ying yuan drainage 3
leisheng puhua tianzun yushu baojing jizhu 九天應元雷聲普化天尊玉 drama 6, 87–93
樞寶經集註) 137–8, 139 Dream Journey to the Peach Blossom Land (Mong yudowondo 夢遊桃源圖)
Collected Statutes of the Great Ming (Da Ming huidian 大明會典) 53, 69, (An Gyeon) 213, 214
70, 70, 72, 73, 89, 114, 115, 118, 120n.12, 150, 243, 250 dress
Collected Rites of the Ming Dynasty (Da Ming jili 大明集禮) 113, 115, 117, court 56, 69, 70, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 145, 159, 243
117 see also clothing; headdresses
Columbus, Christopher 197 Dunhuang grottoes 187n.20
Confucianism 12, 18, 113, 125, 219–28, 223 Duobao fota 多寶佛塔 (Buddhist Pagoda of Many Treasures) 164
congratulational rituals 113 Duren jing 度人經 (Scripture on Salvation) (1406) 137, 137
Contemplative (Seon 禪) school 211 Dutch East India Company 79
Conti, Niccolò de’ (1395–1469) 239
copper 28, 33, 43, 112, 117, 149, 252n.23 E’xi 鄂西 163
coral 32, 69, 70, 241 Early Court Audience (Zaochao tu 早朝圖) (anonymous) 66, 66
cotton 3, 33, 173 Eastern Ocean (Dong yang 東洋) 20, 255
cowries 17, 33 Eight Steeds of Taejo (Taejo Paljundo 太祖八駿圖) (anonymous) 214–15,
crowns 149, 156, 156, 158, 158, 168, 231, 235, 241 214
Empress’ Dragon Crown 68–76, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74 poems about 215
fengguan 鳳冠 (phoenix crown) 68, 72, 76, 168 Eight Views of Beijing (Beijing bajing tu 北京八景圖) (Wang Fu) 50,
55n.12, 129, 130, 131
Da Baoensi 大報恩寺 (Great Monastery of Filial Gratitude), Elegant Gathering in the Apricot Garden (Xingyuan yaji tu 杏園雅集圖)
Nanjing 35, 95, 109, 183 (anonymous, after Xie Huan) 4, 52, 84–5, 84, 99–105, 100, 101
Porcelain Pagoda 178–88, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183 elephants 4, 16, 42, 47, 52, 52–5, 54, 125, 180, 238
da Gama, Vasco 36, 247 war 18, 40, 41
Da Longshan huguosi 大隆善護國寺 (Great Flourishing Goodness white 126, 128, 148
Protecting the State Monastery) 53, 145 Enni Ben’en 圓爾辯圓 (1202–80) 145
Da Ming huidian 大明會典 (Collected Statutes of the Great Ming) 53, 69, Esen (r. 1438–53/4) 13
70, 70, 72, 73, 89, 114, 115, 118, 120n.12, 150, 243, 250 Esen-Tughal (d. 1431) 12, 13
Da Ming jili 大明集禮 (Collected Rites of the Ming Dynasty) 113, 115, 117, eunuchs 4, 59, 83, 219
117 court 5, 19, 40, 51, 59, 80, 82, 84, 85, 89, 95, 111, 112, 153, 156–7,
Da Ming lü 大明律 (Great Ming Code) 220 200
Da Ming men 大明門 (Gate of the Great Ming) 56 envoys 18, 20, 25n.62, 26, 28, 30, 34, 40, 42, 125, 155, 161, 198,
Da Tang xiyu ji 大唐西域記 (Records of the Western Region [Visited 216, 254
During] the Great Tang Dynasty) 34, 34 maritime ventures 20, 21, 31, 198, 200, 204, 237, 256
Da Xinglongsi 大興隆寺 (Great Prosperity Monastery) 145 supervisors 51, 111, 112, 161, 238
see also Qingshousi see also Zheng He
Đa-bang City 18 Extensive Records of the Four Barbarian [Regions] (Siyi guangji 四夷廣記)
Dade guan 大德觀 (Temple of Great Virtue) 139 (Shen Maoshang) 32, 33
Dadu 大都 (later Beiping; Beijing) 9, 47, 50, 51, 187
Dahou 大候 (now Inner Mongolia) 16, 17 Fahaisi 法海寺 (Monastery of the Sea of the Law), Beijing 85, 156,
Dai Jin 戴進 (1388–1462) 105 156, 157, 161, 192
Đại Việt Sử Ky ToanThư 大越史記全書 19 Fanchang white ware, Anhui 246
Đại Việt/Đại Ngu see Annam Fang Xiaoru 方孝孺 (1357–1402) 104
Dali 16 Fangshan 房山 144
Dangtu, Taiping prefecture 181–2 Fei Xin 費信 (c. 1385–c. 1436) 30, 32, 33, 201
Dangyang 當陽 164 Fengdongyan kiln 247, 249
Daning 大寧 88 fengguan 鳳冠 (phoenix crown) 68, 72, 76, 168

290 | Ming China: Courts and Contacts 1400–1450