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Mailapetam 29 Mogok, ruby mines 238
Majapahit empire, Java 23 money see coins, paper money
makara (jing 鯨 or yu long 魚龍) 50, 50 Möng Mao 17
Malabar coast 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, 33, 36 Mong Mit 238
Maldives 33 Mongols 1, 2, 8–13, 27, 41, 43, 47–9
Malindi 126, 245, 247, 248 Buddhism 125, 152, 154, 263
Mambrui 247, 250, 250, 251, 251 campaigns against 139, 184, 185, 186, 207, 216, 225, 242
Mamluk Sultanate 8, 239 and Dadu/Beijing 47, 49, 52, 53
Manda Island 245 empire 71, 113, 136, 153
Mañjuśrī (bodhisattva) 33 map 8
Mantegna, Andrea, Adoration of the Magi 78, 78 and Iran 228, 229, 231
Mao Kun 茅坤 (1512–1601) 202, 203, 254 and Ming culture 71, 74, 75, 83, 153, 155, 161, 207, 208, 209, 239,
Mao Qara 毛哈喇 (1394–1468) 225 241, 243
Mao Ruizheng 茅瑞徵 (fl. 1597–1636) 219n.14 see also Oirat Mongols 216
Mao Yuanyi 茅元儀 (1594–1640) 202, 254, 257 motifs see animals; bird; dragon; flower; pheasant; phoenix
maps Mountain and River (Kenkō Shōkei 賢江祥啓) 4, 5
Beijing 49, 54 Mu Sheng 沐晟 (1368–1439) 16, 17, 42
Bengal-Jaunpur 29 Mu Ying 沐英 (1345–92) 16, 250
Mongol empire 8 Mubang 木邦 (Hsenwi/Theinni) 16, 17
Nanjing 295 Muhammad al-Sultani 233
southern expansion 15 Muhammad b. Tughluq 243
Southern India 28 Muhammad Juki b. Shah Rukh 234, 235
Sri Lanka 31 Mu’in al-din Natanzi 230
Zheng He’s voyages 20 Munjong, King (r. 1450–2) 213
Mārīcī (Buddhist deity) 35, 35, 156, 156 Muromachi shogunate 23
maritime trade 18, 21, 50, 106, 108, 111, 258 Musho Tokushi 無初德始 (Ch. Wuchu Deshi, d. 1429) 145, 146
commodities see trade music 87–93, 124
Indian Ocean 26–36, 238, 245–52, 256 musk 33
restrictions 8, 27, 31, 247 Muslims 29, 31, 33, 185, 231, 239
Maritime Trade Supervisorates (Shi bo ti ju si 市舶提擧司) 18
mathematics Nan cun chuo geng lu 南村輟耕錄 (Tao Zongyi) 239–40
Jiu zhang xiang zhu suan fa bi lei da quan 九章詳注算法比類大全 Nan Dian 17
(Complete Book on the Classification of the Mathematical Arts in Nine Nanchang 南昌, Jiangxi province 87, 140
Sections) (Wu Jing) 3 Nanjing 南京
Maw Shans (Shan polities) 42 annexation of Vietnam and transfer of artisans 18, 19, 25n.61,
measures 38, 40, 43, 58, 104
chi 尺 200, 203 capital 47, 106, 109, 129, 132, 143, 145, 154, 189
liao 料 201, 203 excavations 85, 108, 183, 184
zhang 丈 104, 197, 198, 199, 201 see also shipyard
Meiyintang collection 77 imperial workshops 237
Melaka (Manlajia 滿剌, now Malacca) 20–1, 22, 23, 28, 29, 33, 36, Muslim community 185
207, 238 palaces 58, 59, 195n.2
Mengding 孟定 16, 17 ritual ceremonies 33, 35, 117, 123, 125
Menggen 孟艮 17 shipyard 110, 199, 203, 204, 205
Mengyang 孟養 16, 17 Treasure Shipyard Relic Site Park 199, 201, 202, 202, 204
Mianyang 沔陽 163 silk 27, 123
Miaozhian 妙智庵 (Marvellous Wisdom Hermitage) 144 see also Da Baoensi; Linggusi;
Michele da Verona (1470–1536/1544) 78 Narsingha, King of 29
military campaigns 35, 97, 107, 108, 109, 112 naval power 26, 27, 30, 31, 39, 43
Vietnam 37–45 navigation 27, 202, 247, 249, 251, 253–9
military rituals 113 Nénying Monastery, Tsang province, Tibet 154
Ming Chengzu (1360–1424) see Yongle Neo-Confucianism 96, 210, 211, 214, 215, 217, 220, 222
Ming Daoist Canon (Zhengtong Daozang) (1445) 124, 135, 138, 140, Nepalese art 148, 149, 153
140, 141, 141 Ngô Sĩ Liên 19
‘Ming Gap’, ceramic exports 247–8 Ni Qian 倪謙 (1415–79) 99, 215–17, 226
Ming shi 明史 (History of the Ming) 21, 22, 23, 29, 40, 59, 67, 68, 75, Ni Yue 倪岳 (1444–1501) 99
113, 122 Night Banquet at Huiwujeong (Huiwujeong yahyeondo 喜雨亭夜宴圖) 213
shipbuilding 197, 198, 199 Nine Elders of the Mountain of Fragrance (Xiangshan jiulao tu 香山九老圖)
Ming shilu 明實錄 (Ming Veritable Records) 4, 12, 21, 22, 28, 30, 31, 35, 100, 102, 103
59, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 124, 149, 200, 238 Nizami 229, 230
Ming Veritable Records see Ming shilu Numinous Official Wang see Wang, Marshal
Ministry of Works (Gongbu 工部) 20, 43, 59, 64, 65, 109, 110, 156,
189, 200, 250 Ode to Ascending a Pavilion after Snow (Xueji denglou fu 雪霽登樓賦)
Miracles of the Mass of Universal Salvation Conducted by the Fifth Karmapa (Ni Qian) 216
for the Yongle Emperor (Pudu Ming Taizu changjuan tu 普渡明太袓長卷圖) officials 5, 10, 13, 14, 19, 28, 31, 33, 35, 47, 49, 52, 59, 64, 94, 111
34, 36, 123, 124, 125, 125, 154–5 civil and military 19, 95, 104, 110, 111

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