Page 329 - JAPAN THE SHAPING OFDAIMYO CULTURE 1185-1868

Satsuma domain in southern Kyushu, re- myo continued to encourage the activities documents record that in the same year Yi
turned from Korea in 1598 accompanied at Tateno through their patronage and by Chak-kwang's son was given the name Sa-
by more than seventy Koreans. Among sending potters to other Japanese kilns to kunojô and assigned by Hidenari to head
them, it is thought, were a number of pot- learn new techniques, as Shimazu the Matsumoto kiln; he was given the
ters who were responsible for operating Narinobu (1769-1841) is reported to have same stipend that his father had received,
the earliest Satsuma kilns. Tradition is that done at the end of the eighteenth century. while Kôraizaemon got a stipend that was
the first kiln, producing utilitarian vessels Official and non-official kilns were active slightly less. The expansion of the Matsu-
and not clan-protected, was begun while within Satsuma throughout the Edo pe- moto kiln operation is reflected by the
Yoshihiro fought at the Battle of Sekiga- riod, producing a wide range of ceramics growing number of stipended potters in
hara in 1600 (cat. 104). The Uto kiln in including the colorful overglaze enamel clan records from the late 16205 to 1645.
Chosa, the earliest clan-sponsored kiln, works that are, for many, the type most of- In the second half of the seventeenth
was not opened until around 1601, after ten associated with Satsuma. AMW century, the number of official kilns in the
a
Yoshihiro had returned to his domain. The domain increased. In 1657, ^ m was
second, Osato kiln, was begun after Yoshi- 253 Teabowl, named Daimyd opened in Fukawa Sonóse, east of Matsu-
hiro retired in favor of his son lehisa (1576- Hagi ware moto, with the help of laborers assigned by
1636) in 1607 and moved to Kajiki, slightly the clan and skilled potters who relocated
east of Chôsa. Both were located near h. 8. 5 ( 3 3/8) from Matsumoto. This operation, how-
Edo period, i7th century
Yoshihiro's residences and are said to have ever, had a somewhat different status than
been operated by the Korean Kim Hae Nezu Institute of Fine Arts, Tokyo Matsumoto in that it was allowed to pro-
(also known by the name he acquired in Ja- duce other wares in addition to those it
pan, Hoshiyama Chüji). At both kilns, the The Hagi kilns were both daimyo- produced for the clan. In 1663, during the
chief products were tea wares. sponsored and begun by Korean potters tenure of the Mori daimyo Tsunahiro
This teabowl, probably from one of who came to Japan following the Korean (1639-1689), clan kilns producing only offi-
these first two clan kilns, is one of the few campaigns. They were located on the cial wares were established as offshoots of
examples of its type known. Its shape is re- main Japanese island of Honshu, on the the Matsumoto kiln, the Miwa and Sahaku
lated to contemporary Korean porcelain or northern shore of its western tip (part of kilns. In 1700, the first-generation Miwa
Mishima-style vessels, reflecting the roots present-day Yamaguchi Prefecture). This head potter was sent to Kyoto on clan or-
of the early Satsuma potters. Simple and area was controlled by the Môri, a clan der to learn the Raku techniques, as was
stolid, the bowl is firmly supported by a whose territories were drastically reduced the fourth-generation head in 1744. By
tall, ring foot, tapering from a low, pro- from eight provinces to two after Mori sending the potters to Kyoto, the daimyo
truding waist toward a wide mouth. The Terumoto (1553-1625) opposed Tokugawa hoped to keep the potters of the heavily
glaze, a forerunner of the deep black glaze leyasu (1543-1616) at Sekigahara in 1600 Korean-influenced Hagi wares aware of
that was to become a characteristic Sat- (cat. 104). In 1604, the seat of the Mori ad- other Japanese ceramics.
suma type, has fired to an irregularly ministration was transferred to Hagi and, With clan approval, the Hagi tradition
mottled surface that softens the form. according to mid-eighteenth century was transmitted within the extended Mori
Brushed in Edo-period writing on a paper records compiled by the clan, a kiln was family. A Hagi potter went to the clan kiln
cartouche on the lid of the box that holds then established at Matsumoto near the of Chôfu, a Mori branch family domain, at
the bowl is Satsuma owan, or "Satsuma Hagi castle by the immigrant Korean pot- the request of the Mori daimyo Tsuna-
bowl." ter Yi Chak-kwang who was assisted by his moto (1650-1705). As recorded in an 1815
Examinations of the Uto site indicate younger brother Yi Kyóng. The Hagi ware kiln document, a Hagi potter established
that the kiln was small and not fired many enterprise evolved into a closely managed an official kiln in 1745 for the rulers of the
times, a peculiarity that might be ex- organ of the clan where glazed ceramics small Tokuyama domain, also a branch
plained by the Hoshiyama family account based on Korean prototypes, chiefly tea family of the Mori.
that soon after opening the Uto kiln, Kim wares, were produced. Throughout the Edo period, the clan
Hae was sent by Yoshihiro to the well- Reflecting the ceramic ideal sought continued its involvement with the Hagi
established Seto kilns for five years of by the Mori patrons, this Hagi teabowl re- kilns, both old and new, official and non-
training. Shortly after Kim Hae's return to calls Korean wares, specifically Ido type official, some of which flourished while
the Satsuma domain and with Yoshihiro's bowls. Ido bowls are thought to have been others failed. In 1815, the clan issued an or-
move to Kajiki in 1607, the Osato kiln re- employed originally for utilitarian pur- der prohibiting non-official kilns from
placed Uto. The Osato kiln, also small, ap- poses in Korea and imported to Japan in making copies of official teabowls or using
pears to have been fired many times, the sixteenth century for tea men who ap- a certain type of clay; apparently, the order
probably until Yoshihiro's death in 1619. preciated their understated beauty. The was not observed, as it was repeated in
Yoshihiro's son lehisa ruled from Ka- slightly irregular cone-shaped bowl, thick 1832. In the early nineteenth century, kilns
goshima, south of the earlier locations. Af- at the bottom and thinner near the rim, were established with Mori assistance to
ter Yoshihiro passed away in 1619, Kim flares from a precariously small, high, ring fire porcelain wares for daily use, to com-
Hae moved there at lehisa's behest and foot, accented at the joint of the foot and plement the pottery made by the other
operated a small-scale clan kiln in Tateno. body with a tooled line. Glaze covers the kilns. AMW
At this kiln, continued by Kim Hae's de- bowl in an uneven coat that has fired to a
scendants after his death, tea wares were subtle range of colors, from white areas
produced that reflect the refinement of where the glaze is thick to pink blushes.
The extent to which the Mori were
the then-current Kobori Enshü aesthetic.
This kiln was replaced by a much larger involved in the affairs of the Matsumoto
kiln, and the others that followed, can be
one where the scale of production was ex-
panded and new wares were developed. traced through historical records. A docu-
1625 with the
kad of the
ment dated
first
Subsequent generations of Shimazu dai-
generation Mori daimyo of Hagi, Hidenari
(1595-1651), relates his granting of the
name Kôraizaemon to a certain Saka Su-
kehachi, the former Yi Kyóng. Mid-Edo
316