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Fig. 3.9. Mandarins
seated, watercolour on
pith paper
a. From album with
11 images, anonymous,
19th century, 22.5 x 32
cm, The Hague Royal
Academy of Fine Arts,
inv.no. Z 53 (2).
b. From set of
12, anonymous,
1830-1865, 29 x 20 cm,
Museum Volkenkunde/
Nationaal Museum van
Wereldculturen,
inv.no. RV-2133-6c.
c. From album with
12 images, anonymous,
1851-1856, 27 x 18.5 cm,
SAB-City Archives and
Athenaeum Library
Deventer, a bird, or something else that he liked. 133 and how he paints (his explicit knowledge). He
inv.no. DvT V.2.1.KL. Sometimes, even the process of woodblock could count on it all the time, even when he is
d. From album with printing was used as the first step of a painting, not aware of it.
12 images, Youqua(‘s before the colour was applied. 134 This explains That said, in certain watercolour painting
studio), 1850-1860, how the subjects depicted could be repeated so studios the work was organised differently, as
33 x 25.5 cm, frequently by the same painter, without Figures 3.8. to 3.13 show. These watercolours
Wereldmuseum variation. Any number of techniques that suited from different albums and sets are expedient
Rotterdam, their needs were used for this purpose: copying, examples showing the individual traits of each
inv.no. 19166.2. tracing, employing ready-made sketches of trees, image and the painter’s own input in the end
e. From set of 22, houses, people, boats, or animals assembled in result. Although the type of figures, boats,
anonymous, Youqua (?), different ways to produce a different scene. 135 flowers and ducks are comparable in terms of
1840-1870, 20 x 12.5 cm, Furthermore, the popular (limited) topics, which their Chinese subject matter and show constant
Museum Volkenkunde/ were painted time and again without using elements, the execution, done by individual
Nationaal Museum van templates, indicate that the various compositions artists, varies greatly in all kinds of details.
Wereldculturen, are clearly part of the painter’s tacit knowledge. Constant elements in the Figures 3.8.a. to 3.8.f.
inv.no. RV-360-7517. This kind of knowledge, based on his depicting a lower rank Mandarin are the
f. From album with observations, experiences, insights and intuition, headgear with the button, the shoulder cap and
12 images, anonymous, is internalised in a painter’s whole being. In his blueish gown. It is clearly visible that each
19th century, 22.5 x 32 other words, tacit knowledge forms the basis for painter executed this figure in his own style. In
cm, The Hague Royal his individual insights, choices and steps in what the Figures 3.9.a. to 3.9.f. the constants are the
Academy of Fine Arts,
---
inv.no. Z 53 (3).
133 I did not come across any female Chinese export painters in the consulted sources.
134 Tillotson 1987, 64. Ting 1982, 9-11. Crossman 1991, 187.
135 Downing 1838; facsimile, 1972, 96-99.