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Will to cooperate The will or desire to cooperate is fostered and sustained
through the use of team-building, class-building, and task and
reward structures.
Skill to cooperate Modeling, reinforcement, role assignment, structuring and
reflection will foster the development of social skills needed in
cooperative learning.
Basic principles The four basic principles are positive interdependence,
individual accountability, equal participation, and simultaneous
interaction.
Structures The cooperative structures are categorized by their principal
purpose and are labeled as class building, teambuilding,
communication skills, thinking skills, information sharing, and
mastery. Different structures are practical and helpful for
meeting diverse objectives. See table # for additional
information on structures.

The four Kagan basic principles share common themes with

the Johnson and Johnson model and can be identified with the

acronym “PIES.” PIES stand for Positive Interdependence,

Individual Accountability, Equal Participation, and

Simultaneous Interaction. Understanding these basic principles

is fundamental to understanding the nature of cooperative

learning.

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