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reading and writing skills that had for many years been in

the foreground of language learning. This emphasis on the

literate approach to communication is known as the grammar

translation method. However, the aural-oral approach is a

reaction to the old method and a modification of the direct

method. This aural-oral approach is sometimes called the oral

approach, the linguistic approach, the audio-lingual approach,

or the army method.

Furthermore, Corps (1989: 23, 111) explains that in the

audio-lingual method, skills are taught in the natural order of

acquisition: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The essence

of both the direct method and the audio- lingual method is that

the best way to learn a language is through habit formation.

Students are exposed to model sentences which they practice in a

variety of oral drills and exercises. This practice is supposed to

lead them to "internalize" the grammatical structure of the

sentence as a habit, after which they presumably can use the

sentence type to express their own thoughts.

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