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in both venues of management and leadership. In simple terms, the skills
are different, but complementary.

Management usually aims at consistency and order, whereas leadership

aims at movement and change. Leaders see the future as something to create,
while traditional managers see it as something to react to. 325 Both management
and leadership are needed in the life of healthy organizations.
Management alone will not bring about the substantive change that is
needed in most of today’s organizations. In his book, Maximum Leadership,
Charles Farkas states: a leader should add value, or get out of the way for
someone who will.

Warren Benis, one of the foremost experts on leadership, makes the
following distinctions between managers and leaders:
 The manager administers; the leader innovates.
 The manager is a copy; the leader is an original.

 The manager focuses on systems and structure; the leader focuses
on people.
 The manager relies on control; the leader inspires trust.
 The manager has a short-range view; the leader has a long-range
perspective.
 The manager asks how and when; the leader asks what and why.

 The manager has his eye always on the bottom line; the leader has
his eye on the horizon.
 The manager imitates; the leader originates.
 The manager accepts the status quo; the leader challenges it.
 The manager does things right; the leader does the right things. 326

325 Lynch, Richard. Lead! How Public and Nonprofit Managers Can Bring Out the Best in Themselves
and Their Organizations (San Francisco CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1993), p. 6.
326 Bennis, Warren. On Becoming a Leader (Reading MA: Addison-Wesley, 1989), p. 45.

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