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• HELP WITH GRAMMAR Present Perfect Simple Vocabulary and Speaking
•
• and Present Perfect Continuous Business and trade

a Look at the verb forms in pink in the article. Which are
II a Look at the words in blue in the article. Are
in the Present Perfect Simple and which are in the Present
• they nouns or adjectives? Do the nouns refer to
• Perfect Continuous?
• people or things?
•
• b Match the verb forms in pink in the article to these
• b Work in pairs. Write the other nouns and
• meanings.
• adjectives for the words in blue in the article if
• • We often use the Present Perfect Simple: possible. Check in fmtffl:iilf;1a'U> p142.
•
•
• a for states that started in the past and continue in the present political -+ a politician, politics
•
• 've known
• c Complete the words in these sentences with
• b for experiences in our lives up to now
• words from the article and 6b .
• c for completed actions that happened recently, but we don't
• say exactly when 1 My country's always had a c system.
•
• d with superlatives 2 My country's e is quite strong at the
•
• moment.
• e to talk about change
• 3 My country imports more p than .
• • We often use the Present Perfect Continuous:
• it exports .
•
• a for longer actions that started in the p_ast and continue in the 4 I think buying a house is a good i
•
• present has been working 5 My family often argues about p and
•
• b for longer actions that have recently finished, but have a result government policies .
•
• in the present
• 6 I worry about global warming and e
• c for actions that happened repeatedly in the past and still issues .
•
• happen in the present
• 7 I've never lived in an i. ____ city .
•
• c Look at these sentences from the article. Then answer 8 There's far less p. ____ in my country now
•
• questions a- c . than 50 years ago.
•
• 1 My company has been building skyscrapers here since 1993.
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• d Work in pairs. Compare answers. Then tell
•
• 2 This year we've built five new apartment blocks . your partner which sentences are true for you .
•
• a Which sentence talks about how long something has been
happening?
b Which talks about how many things have been completed? Get ready ... Get it right!
c How do we make a question with How long for sentence 1 Write sentences about how things have
and How many for sentence 2? changed in your country in the last five years.

d Check in IH;f!i&!Mi;ff> p143. Use these ideas or your own.
• the economy • unemployment
II a Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect Simple • public transport • pollution
or Present Perfect Continuous. • new buildings • inflation

1 a Kim and told him where to meet. (call) • the cost of living • traffic
b I Kim all day, but he never answers his phone. • property • education
(call) • industry • the price of food

2 a David his novel all evening. (write) • tourism • petrol
b David _ three novels in the last two years. (write)
The economy has been getting stronger
3 a I the garage, so we can put the car in there recently.
now. (clear out)
The price of petrol has gone up a lot this year.
b I the garage. It's a mess in there! (clear out) Unemployment's been rising.
4 a You down trees all day. You must be tired. (cut) .
• a Work in groups. Tell each other your
b You your finger. (cut)
sentences. If you're from the same country,
5 a I this book. Do you want to borrow it? (read) do you agree? If you're from different
b this book and I'm really enjoying it. (read) countries, how many of your sentences are
the same?
b Work in pairs. Compare answers. Explain why you chose
each verb form. b Tell the class two interesting changes that
your group discussed.
11 Work in new pairs. Student A p106. Student B p109.