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both Yadin and Aharoni turned out to be incorrect. He also suggested identifying the site with
5. The first evidence for fiscal clay sealings from controlled archaeological work, both Y a din a nd Ah a roni turne d out to be incor re c t. He a lso sugg e sted identi f y in g the sit e with Throughout those years until 2017, he never stopped teaching at Jerusalem University College,
shedding light on the taxation system in Judah during the First Temple period. the pla c e n a med MMS T that a ppe a rs on the L M LK jar ha ndles. which became a second home for him. The college has provided storage space for the finds
the place named MMST that appears on the LMLK jar handles.
17
The last excavation Barkay directed during his years at Tel Aviv University was a salvage
6. Locating the biblical place 'Gan Uza,' where the kings of Judah who were not buried in The last e x c a va ti on B a r ka y dir e c ted du rin g his y e a rs a t T e l A viv Unive r sit y wa s a s a lva g e from Ketef Hinnom, hosted his 60th birthday party, and also awarded him the rank of professor,
the tombs of the House of David were interred, at the traditional structure known today excava ti on a t t Kiri sit e - , J whic h in 1995 c unde y r the a u spice s g a in b y a ole B ibl tea m fr t om s the fir st a title he should have received many years earlier at Tel Aviv University. Many of his students
a
th
e
of
the Éc
rim
excavation at Kiriyath-Jearim in 1995 under the auspices of the École Biblique. It was the first
I
wa
a
y
ique.
e
wa
l
c
excavation at the site, which was recently excavated again by a joint team from Tel Aviv
r
18
excava
s
the
viv
at the college volunteered in the excavations he directed and wrote dissertations under his
joi
nt
on a
ti
A
x
e
a
e
ntl
a
T
e
ted
as David's Tomb on Mt. Zion.
va
nd C
ha
e
d since
found
oll
e
upi
on
n oc
7. Identification of biblical Nob at the French hill. Unive University and Collège de France. The excavation found that the site had been occupied since supervision. Barkay has also taught many courses at other institutions and supervised Master's
e
19
c
a
y
rsit
d be
nc
a
.
e
e
ti
r
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va
a
that the
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e
e
e
è
sit
g
d
Gabriel
riod
e
c
mains
There are many more studies that Barkay has not yet published, and unfortunately, since 2020, the Ne the Neolithic period until modern times. He uncovered remains of an Iron Age II building with and Doctorate dissertations as an external supervisor.
n
a
d
e
un
din
re
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mes.
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re
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of
g
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with
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r
pe
unti
ov
n ti
oli
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g
a destruction layer that probably dates to the 8th century.
he has been suffering from a serious illness that limits his mobility and energy. However, he a destruction layer that probably dates to the 8th century. 11 11 He had the reputation of being a strict and punctual supervisor. He earned this reputation due
has not given up on publishing some of this work with the help of research assistants. A to his extensive knowledge, which made him a very critical scholar. Sitting next to Gabi at
Tell this Man the Meaning of his Vision
e
r
g Car
e
in
noteworthy piece of research, which he has been conducting for many years and will be Teach Teaching Career academic conferences and hearing all his remarks about relevant archaeological data that the
Since the beginning of Barkay's studies at Tel Aviv University in 1970, he was appointed as a
published in a forthcoming book, is about the Book of Songs of Songs from an archaeological Since the be g inni n g of B a rka y 's studi e s a t T e l A viv Unive rsit y in 1970, he wa s a ppoint e d a s a speaker forgot to mention is an experience in itself.
and historical perspective. In this research, Barkay brings to light evidence that the book was lecture r . I nit iall y , he t a u ght a spe c ial pro g r a m for t he spouses of the dipl omatic c orp , a nd sin c e
lecturer. Initially, he taught a special program for the spouses of the diplomatic corp, and since
originally composed during the Iron Age IIA. 1972, he ha s be e n tea c hing students a t the inst it ute. S ome of his students ha ve be c ome we ll - Temple Mount
1972, he has been teaching students at the institute. Some of his students have become well-
An additional forthcoming publication is about the biblical laws of the stranger, the fatherless, known a rc h a e olo g ist s. A mong them we re the l a te Ad a m Z e rt a l, Morde c h a i A viam, Y e hud a A major change in Gabi's life, and in mine, occurred in 1999, when I was a third-year
known archaeologists. Among them were the late Adam Zertal, Mordechai Aviam, Yehuda
and the widow in light of ancient Hebrew inscriptions from Jerusalem and its surroundings. Dagan, a nd I sra e l F inkelst e in. I n 1975, he a lso b e ga n tea c hin g a t J e rusa lem Unive rsit y C oll e ge Archaeology student at Bar-Ilan University. Together with my friend and classmate, Aran
Dagan, and Israel Finkelstein. In 1975, he also began teaching at Jerusalem University College
along with his other duties.
along with hi s ot he r dutie s. Yardeni, we conducted a brief survey of the debris that had been destructively and illegally
In 1997, after 27 years of teaching, he was dismissed from the Tel Aviv University Institute of
Summary In 1997, a fte r 27 y e a rs o f tea c hin g , h e w a s di smi ssed f rom the T e l A viv Uni ve rsit y I nsti tut e of excavated at the Temple Mount by the Muslim Awaqf, and dumped in the Kidron Valley. We
e
the
olog
s
e
e
y
d
s
inc
To sum up, Gabriel Barkay can certainly be ranked among the "giants" of archaeology in Archa Archaeology staff on the grounds of teaching incompetence. This was despite the fact that he needed help identifying and dating the small broken artifacts we had collected. After presenting
e
s
t
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of
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fa
pit
a
t
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.
nc
wa
round
f
on the
f
hin
that he
ompete
g
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a
This
st
ng
n
d ha
for
v
r
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ga
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d e
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riz
Jerusalem and Israel. His place in this esteemed group is not only due to his extensive was a was a senior lecturer and had even won the Yigal Alon Prize for teaching excellence. His them to three senior lecturers at the university, we realized we needed better expertise.
e
e
e
n won
a
l
the
Alon P
ll
e
r
nio
se
t
His
c
c
e
le
e
hi
e
ture
nc
a
.
dismissal occurred alongside many other staff members when a new direction was taken at the
knowledge, numerous publications, and discoveries but also because of his tireless efforts to dismiss a l oc c urr e d a lon gside man y othe r staf f me mber s whe n a n e w dir e c ti on wa s take n a t the We had little personal acquaintance, besides attending his class. We held much awe for him
a
r
to
ae
y
u
in
lo
r
o
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v
ti
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o
is
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t Si
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ts
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it
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e
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ar
Barkay guiding a group of archaeologists visiting the Temple Mount Sifting Project laboratory
h
em
g
Mo
Barkay Barkay guiding a group of archaeologists visiting the Temple Mount Sifting Project laboratory bring this heritage to the public through teaching, lecturing, and media appearances. Barkay institute. F or a short t im e in 1997, B a rka y l e c tur e d a t B e n - Gu rion Unive rsit y , a nd he wa s and were shy about addressing him on the issue. Eventually, we overcame our reservations and
p
u
o
f
g
institute. For a short time in 1997, Barkay lectured at Ben-Gurion University, and he was
P
g
Mo
n
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)
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u
ec
t
r
t Si
ti
f
n
em
(Photo: (Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
T
p
le
eventually appointed as a senior lecturer at Bar-Ilan University (1998-2011). Since 2008, he
believes that archaeology serves as a vital link between the past and the present, and he eventuall y a ppoint e d a s a se nior lec tu re r a t B a r - Ila n Unive rsit y (1998 - 201 1). S ince 2008, h e gave him a call on a Friday noon. To our great surprise, he told us we could come and meet
also began teaching at the Rothberg International School at the Hebrew University.
Other Significant Publications
Other Significant Publications embodies this principle through his actions. Even today, despite his severe illness, he does not also bega n tea c hin g a t t h e R othber g I nte rna ti ona l S c hool at the H e bre w U n iver sit y . him at his home right away. I will never forget his excitement when we came over and presented
Other Significant Publications
Gabi's publications vary and include many innovative ideas and proposals that are not
Gabi's publications vary and include many innovative ideas and proposals that are not refuse an invitation to speak, whether it be via an online video broadcast or in person, despite the dirty material on his dining table, and I will never forget his ability to identify and date
Gabi's publications vary and include many innovative ideas and proposals that are not
necessarily associated with the excavations he has been involved in. His research usually his difficulties in traveling. almost all of the artifacts. Instead of criticizing us for conducting an archaeological survey
necessarily associated with the excavations he has been involved in. His research usually
necessarily associated with the excavations he has been involved in. His research usually
adopts a maximalist approach on issues such as the size of First Temple Period Jerusalem, or
adopts a maximalist approach on issues such as the size of First Temple Period Jerusalem, or On his 80th birthday, we wish Professor Gabriel Barkay good health, strength, and happiness without an official license, which also allegedly had little archaeological value (as many
adopts a maximalist approach on issues such as the size of First Temple Period Jerusalem, or
the historical core of the biblical narrative, and he presents it in a very convincing manner. in all aspects of his life. We express our deep gratitude for his significant contributions to the archaeologists thought at the time), he was thrilled to inspect the artifacts and praised us by
the historical core of the biblical narrative, and he presents it in a very convincing manner.
the historical core of the biblical narrative, and he presents it in a very convincing manner.
Below are some selected subjects that represent his innovative research attitude and creative heritage of Jerusalem and the Land of Israel. quoting the Mishna, Tractate Avot 2:5: "In a place where there are no men, strive to be a man."
Below are some selected subjects that represent his innovative research attitude and creative
Below are some selected subjects that represent his innovative research attitude and creative
thought: Following this, Barkay and others established the Committee for the Prevention of Destruction
thought:
thought:
13
1. The first attempt to reconstruct the size of Iron Age Jerusalem based on burial data.
13
1. The first attempt to reconstruct the size of Iron Age Jerusalem based on burial data. 13 of Antiquities on the Temple Mount. This committee is a group of archaeologists, intellectuals,
1. The first attempt to reconstruct the size of Iron Age Jerusalem based on burial data.
2. Re 2. Relocation of the biblical place named Ir-David from the summit of the hill ridge to a and other prominent individuals in Israeli society who act to prevent further destruction of
vid fr
summ
the
hil
it
of
to a
om the
l ridg
e
I
e
Da
loca
plac
on of
na
ti
r
-
med
the
bibl
ica
l
2. Relocation of the biblical place named Ir-David from the summit of the hill ridge to a
southern and lower area.
southern and lower area. 14 14 antiquities at the Temple Mount. Barkay and the late Eilat Mazar were the prominent
14
southern and lower area.
3. Id 3. Identification of the monument of Yad Avshalom as the tomb of King Herod Agrippa archaeologists in the committee, which was very active in the years 2000-2012 and conducted
fic
a
d
nti
Y
Kin
b of
tom
a
rippa
mon
on of
the
ti
ument of
He
g
r
g
A
od
the
s
a
e
A
lom
vsha
3. Identification of the monument of Yad Avshalom as the tomb of King Herod Agrippa
I. I. many meetings with senior officials and politicians, filed several petitions to the Supreme
15
15
I.
15
4. The possibility of a Late Bronze Age Egyptian temple that stood north of the City.
4. The possibility of a Late Bronze Age Egyptian temple that stood north of the City. 16 16 Court, and brought to the media's attention many incidents of antiquities destruction that
16
4. The possibility of a Late Bronze Age Egyptian temple that stood north of the City. occurred on the Temple Mount.
Their actions gradually became fruitful, as the public and government officials became more
Teachin Teaching at the Rothberg International School at the Hebrew University and more aware of the importance of preserving the antiquities of the Temple Mount, which
h
r
h
n
t th
Sch
ter
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t
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it
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at
o
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n
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atio
.
13
te.
3
13 See no See note. 3. even led the State Comptroller to conduct an extensive inquiry on the issue, and as for today,
(Photo: Kate Brooks)
14 G. B 14 See note. 3. 17 G. Barkay (2015). "Evidence of the Taxation System of the Judean Kingdom - A Fiscal Bulla from the Slopes (Photo: K ate B r o o k s )
13 G. Barkay (2006). "City of David – A Glossary of Terms". in: E. Meiron (ed.). City of David Studies of arkay (2006). "City of David – A Glossary of Terms". in: E. Meiron (ed.). City of David Studies of
Ancien 14 Ancient Jerusalem 1. pp. 7-19. Jerusalem. (Hebrew) t Jerusalem 1. pp. 7-19. Jerusalem. (Hebrew) of the Temple Mount and the Phenomenon of Fiscal Bullae". in: M. Lubetski and E. Lubetski (Eds.). Recording no construction or renovation takes place on the Temple Mount without the approval and
G. Barkay (2006). "City of David – A Glossary of Terms". in: E. Meiron (ed.). City of David Studies of
1
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)
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ay
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15
15 G. Bar G. Barkay (2013). "Absalom's Tomb: New Thoughts". in: E. Meiron (ed.). City of David Studies of Ancient New Epigraphic Evidence: Essays in Honor of Robert Deutsch. Jerusalem. pp 17-50. supervision of the Israel Antiquity Authority and some other authorities
Ancient Jerusalem 1. pp. 7-19. Jerusalem. (Hebrew)
15 Jerusalem 8. pp. 79-99. Jerusalem. (Hebrew) 8. pp. 79-99. Jerusalem. (Hebrew)
Jerusalem 18 G. Barkay (1977). "Towards the problem of locating the Tombs of the last Kings of the House of David". In
G. Barkay (2013). "Absalom's Tomb: New Thoughts". in: E. Meiron (ed.). City of David Studies of Ancient
G. Barkay (1996). "A Late Bronze Age Egyptian Temple in Jerusalem?". Israel Exploration Journal 46(1/2).
16
16 G. Bark a y ( 1996) . " A L a t e B r on z e A g e E gy pt ia n T em p le i n J er u s ale m ? " . I s r a el E xp lo r a tio n Jo u r n a l 46( 1/ 2 ) . M. Broshi (ed.). Between Hermon and Sinai. Jerusalem. pp. 75-92 (Hebrew). 11 C. Mc C. McKinny, O. Schwartz, G. Barkay, A. Fantalkin, and B. Zissu (2018). “Kiriath-Jearim (Deir el-‘Azhar):
.
ay
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A
tal
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ar
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)
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.
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Jerusalem 8. pp. 79-99. Jerusalem. (Hebrew)
pp. 23- 16 pp. 23-43. 43. 19 G. Barkay (2018). "Towards the identification of Nob: a biblical priestly town", Eretz Israel: archaeological, Archae Archaeological Investigations of a Biblical Town in the Judean Hill Country”. Israel Exploration Journal 68. pp
n
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68.
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ical
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G. Barkay (1996). "A Late Bronze Age Egyptian Temple in Jerusalem?". Israel Exploration Journal 46(1/2).
pp. 23-43. historical and geographical studies 33, pp. 130-131. 30-49. 30-49.
XX XVI
membe rs) a nd their e nr ichme nt pro g ra ms. B a rk a y a uthor e d se v e ra l c ha pter s in the fina l Deuteronomy (7:9), which makes the whole discovery even more significant since it has
members) and their enrichment programs. Barkay authored several chapters in the final
publication and published additional papers about finds from the excavation. 6 6 implications for the biblical research Documentary Hypothesis.
9
publication and published additional papers about finds from the excavation.
The Ketef Hinnom excavation also yielded rich and rare finds from many other periods of
Jerusalem, such as several rifles from the Ottoman period, an extremely rare 4th-century CE
coin minted in the Kingdom of Axum in Ethiopia, remains of a Byzantine church (probably the
Gabriel "Church of St. George Extramuros" (outside of the walls)), the first Roman soldiers' cremation
discovered in Jerusalem, burials from the Second Temple period, and many other small finds,
Tell this Man the Meaning of his Vision (Daniel, 8:16) especially jewelry, from all the periods the site was occupied. It is also noteworthy to mention
that this excavation Israeli archaeology encountered the fiercest clash with extreme ultra-
orthodox groups that oppose excavations of ancient burials by archaeologists.
Studies in Archaeology, Epigraphy, Iconography
and the Biblical World in Honor of Gabriel Barkay
Barkay sorting small artifacts at the Temple Mount Sifting Project Barkay Barkay inspecting an Iron Age Jerusalem burial cave
th
e
u
ge
us
o
r
ial ca
m
v
a
a
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n
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n I
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e
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r
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tin
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r
l
in
Barkay guiding a group on a Temple Mount tour On the Occasion of his 80 Birthday (22 June 2024)
(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
(Image(s) courtesy of www.HolyLandPhotos.org)
Barkay guiding a group on a Temple Mount tour Barkay sorting small artifacts at the Temple Mount Sifting Project (Image(s) courtesy of www.HolyLandPhotos.org)
Barkay guiding a group on a Temple Mount tour
(Photo: Tal Rozenbaum)
(Photo: Tal Rozenbaum) (Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
(Photo: Tal Rozenbaum)
k a
c
a
e
ti
ga
wor
hish,
be
a
va
in
1975, B
x
y
La
his
a
on that would g
n the
him
rka
c
side
t
in
Barkay guiding a group on a Temple Mount tour This project could not have been formed without Dr. Barkay. Only a scholar of his type would Along Alongside his work at Lachish, in 1975, Barkay began the excavation that would gain him
Barkay sorting small artifacts at the Temple Mount Sifting Project
In 2001, I collaborated with Gabi in obtaining a permit to conduct an official study of the debris
(Photo: Tal Rozenbaum)
(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
worldwide publicity at "Ketef Hinnom." The Rothschild Foundation planned to construct a
In 2001, I collaborated with Gabi in obtaining a permit to conduct an official study of the debris have been able to deal with such a variety of material and periods, especially when it appears worldwide publi c it y a t "Ke tef Hinnom." Th e R othschil d F ounda ti on planne d to c onst ruc t a
In 2001, I collaborated with Gabi in obtaining a permit to conduct an official study of the debris
This project could not have been formed without Dr. Barkay. Only a scholar of his type would
Barkay guiding a group on a Temple Mount tour
removed from the Temple Mount, and in 2004 we finally received the permit and established mainly as small fragmented artifacts. Archaeology nowadays has formed into a science of 7 7
building on the site, and a salvage excavation was required prior the construction. The The
(Photo: Tal Rozenbaum) received the permit and established
removed from the Temple Mount, and in 2004 we finally have been able to deal with such a variety of material and periods, especially when it appears building on the site, and a salvage excavation was required prior the construction.
removed from the Temple Mount, and in 2004 we finally received the permit and established
In 2001, I collaborated with Gabi in obtaining a permit to conduct an official study of the debris This project could not have been formed without Dr. Barkay. Only a scholar of his type would
expertise, and archaeologists hardly know anything about material culture which is not their
the Temple Mount Sifting Project. We thought it would last several months with the help of
excavation took place over about seven seasons sporadically until 1994, uncovering seven
the Temple Mount Sifting Project. We thought it would last several months with the help of mainly as small fragmented artifacts. Archaeology nowadays has formed into a science of excava ti on took plac e o ve r a bout s e ve n s e a sons spora dica ll y unti l 1994, unc ove rin g s e ve n
the Temple Mount Sifting Project. We thought it would last several months with the help of
removed from the Temple Mount, and in 2004 we finally received the permit and established have been able to deal with such a variety of material and periods, especially when it appears
expertise. Only an old-school archaeologist with extensive knowledge and openness to new
some archaeology students and volunteers, but eventually, after realizing the great potential of
burial caves dating to the end of the First Temple Period. Among these was a burial system Among these was a burial system
In 2001, I collaborated with Gabi in obtaining a permit to conduct an official study of the debris expertise, and archaeologists hardly know anything about material culture which is not their burial caves dating to the end of the First Temple Period. 8 8
some archaeology students and volunteers, but eventually, after realizing the great potential of
some archaeology students and volunteers, but eventually, after realizing the great potential of
the Temple Mount Sifting Project. We thought it would last several months with the help of mainly as small fragmented artifacts. Archaeology nowadays has formed into a science of
approaches and methods would have been able to cope with material such as that found in the
Edited by
the wet sifting technique and its educational value, it became a lifetime project. More than
I
A
it
buri
or
onl
e
g
e
re
with a
d
on
l in J
it
ll
,
d re
r
s
lem
rusa
ove
y
pos
y
removed from the Temple Mount, and in 2004 we finally received the permit and established expertise. Only an old-school archaeologist with extensive knowledge and openness to new with a with an untouched repository, the only Iron Age burial in Jerusalem discovered with all its
untouche
disc
the
n
a
the wet sifting technique and its educational value, it became a lifetime project. More than
the wet sifting technique and its educational value, it became a lifetime project. More than
some archaeology students and volunteers, but eventually, after realizing the great potential of expertise, and archaeologists hardly know anything about material culture which is not their
Temple Mount Sifting Project.
250,000 people have participated in the project, an unprecedented phenomenon in the history
contents in situ, and among one of the richest in all Israel. It contained over one thousand items
Robert Deutsch and André Lemaire
the Temple Mount Sifting Project. We thought it would last several months with the help of approaches and methods would have been able to cope with material such as that found in the contents in sit u , a nd a mong one o f the ric h e st in a ll I sr a e l. I t c ontain e d ove r one thous a nd it e ms
250,000 people have participated in the project, an unprecedented phenomenon in the history
250,000 people have participated in the project, an unprecedented phenomenon in the history
the wet sifting technique and its educational value, it became a lifetime project. More than expertise. Only an old-school archaeologist with extensive knowledge and openness to new
and at least 95 individuals. It included 263 complete vessels, arrowheads, other metal objects,
of archaeological research. This project combined several aspects of Barkay's best interests and
some archaeology students and volunteers, but eventually, after realizing the great potential of Temple Mount Sifting Project. and at lea st 95 indi vidual s. I t includ e d 263 c ompl e te ve ssels, a r row he a ds, ot he r meta l obje c ts,
of archaeological research. This project combined several aspects of Barkay's best interests and
of archaeological research. This project combined several aspects of Barkay's best interests and
250,000 people have participated in the project, an unprecedented phenomenon in the history approaches and methods would have been able to cope with material such as that found in the
nla
s,
nd ivor
y
of
objec
rd
lass ve
ts,
y
lr
ssels,
i
g
ssel
ve
the wet sifting technique and its educational value, it became a lifetime project. More than bone a bone and ivory objects, inlay pieces, a hoard of jewelry items, glass vessels, alabaster vessels,
it
hoa
a
ms,
we
je
laba
s,
a
y
ster
piec
e
e
qualities: instruction to the general public, the great variety of artifacts and periods, small finds,
qualities: instruction to the general public, the great variety of artifacts and periods, small finds,
qualities: instruction to the general public, the great variety of artifacts and periods, small finds,
of archaeological research. This project combined several aspects of Barkay's best interests and Temple Mount Sifting Project.
r sig
l, and m
a
n
y
n
e
t rin
c
a
ient He
mor
n
re
br
w se
e
r
250,000 people have participated in the project, an unprecedented phenomenon in the history a silve a silver signet ring, an ancient Hebrew seal, and many more rare finds.
e
a
, a
n a
g
finds.
interest in people, and finally the love for Jerusalem.
interest in people, and finally the love for Jerusalem.
interest in people, and finally the love for Jerusalem.
qualities: instruction to the general public, the great variety of artifacts and periods, small finds,
The most significant finds were the two famous silver amulets, which are among the most
of archaeological research. This project combined several aspects of Barkay's best interests and The most sig nific a nt finds we re the two fa mous sil ve r a mul e ts, whic h a re a mon g the most
This project is the first time that archaeological data has been retrieved from the Temple Mount
This project is the first time that archaeological data has been retrieved from the Temple Mount
This project is the first time that archaeological data has been retrieved from the Temple Mount
interest in people, and finally the love for Jerusalem.
important archaeological discoveries shedding light on the Bible. The amulets were discovered
qualities: instruction to the general public, the great variety of artifacts and periods, small finds, importa nt a rc ha e olo g ic a l discove rie s she ddin g li g h t on the B ibl e . The a mul e ts we re discove r e d
earth, and although the finds were not revealed in-situ, much information can be studied from
earth, and although the finds were not revealed in-situ, much information can be studied from
earth, and although the finds were not revealed in-situ, much information can be studied from
This project is the first time that archaeological data has been retrieved from the Temple Mount
in 1979 but were only deciphered in 1986 after they had been opened in the Israel Museum
interest in people, and finally the love for Jerusalem. Manuscript editing: Pamela Meron in 1979 but we re onl y d e c ipher e d in 1986 a fte r t he y ha d b e e n ope ne d in the I sra e l Museum
them since we know they come from the Temple Mount and the large quantity of finds enables
them since we know they come from the Temple Mount and the large quantity of finds enables
them since we know they come from the Temple Mount and the large quantity of finds enables
earth, and although the finds were not revealed in-situ, much information can be studied from
labs. The text on the amulets amazed the scholarly world of biblical archaeology since they
This project is the first time that archaeological data has been retrieved from the Temple Mount labs. The tex t on the a mul e ts a maz e d the sc holar l y wor ld of bibl ica l a rc h a e olo g y since the y
advanced statistical analysis. Half a million finds from 120 categories have been retrieved and
advanced statistical analysis. Half a million finds from 120 categories have been retrieved and
advanced statistical analysis. Half a million finds from 120 categories have been retrieved and
them since we know they come from the Temple Mount and the large quantity of finds enables Barkay at one of the burials at Ketef Hinnom
included the priestly benediction verses from Numbers 6: 24:27. These are the earliest
earth, and although the finds were not revealed in-situ, much information can be studied from include d the p rie stl y be ne diction ve rs e s f rom Numbe rs 6: 24 :2 7 . The se a r e the e a rlie st (Courtesy of the Ketef Hinnom excavation)
kept in our storages so far. The analysis and publication process of this material is a huge task,
kept in our storages so far. The analysis and publication process of this material is a huge task,
kept in our storages so far. The analysis and publication process of this material is a huge task,
advanced statistical analysis. Half a million finds from 120 categories have been retrieved and
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and we've been working on it for more than a decade. The project has yielded many discoveries,
and we've been working on it for more than a decade. The project has yielded many discoveries,
and we've been working on it for more than a decade. The project has yielded many discoveries,
kept in our storages so far. The analysis and publication process of this material is a huge task,
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advanced statistical analysis. Half a million finds from 120 categories have been retrieved and a prac a practice of wearing apotropaic text on the body. In 1984, Barkay had the privilege to excavate the prominent site of Ramat Rachel which was
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some of which have already been published, such as: evidence for the First Temple treasury,
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some of which have already been published, such as: evidence for the First Temple treasury,
some of which have already been published, such as: evidence for the First Temple treasury,
12
and we've been working on it for more than a decade. The project has yielded many discoveries,
With the help of additional scholars, in 2004, further text was read and identified using
kept in our storages so far. The analysis and publication process of this material is a huge task, With the he lp of a ddit i ona l sc holar s, in 2004, fur ther tex t wa s re a d a nd identifie d using the focus of a controversy between Yigael Yadin and Yochanan Aharoni. The former dated the
reconstruction of the Opus Sectile floor patterns that decorated Herod's Temple courts,
reconstruction of the Opus Sectile floor patterns that decorated Herod's Temple courts,
reconstruction of the Opus Sectile floor patterns that decorated Herod's Temple courts,
12
some of which have already been published, such as: evidence for the First Temple treasury,
innovative photography techniques and digital imaging. The new text included a verse from
and we've been working on it for more than a decade. The project has yielded many discoveries, innovative photogra ph y t e c hniques a nd di g it a l im a g in g . Th e n e w tex t incl ude d a ve rs e f rom site to Athaliah, the queen of Judah in the 9th century BCE, while the latter identified it with a
evidence that the Temple Mount was occupied to some extent during the Byzantine Period,
evidence that the Temple Mount was occupied to some extent during the Byzantine Period,
evidence that the Temple Mount was occupied to some extent during the Byzantine Period,
reconstruction of the Opus Sectile floor patterns that decorated Herod's Temple courts,
12
some of which have already been published, such as: evidence for the First Temple treasury, palace built in the 6th century BCE by King Jehoiakim. Barkay found under the palace LMLK
evidence that the eastern section of the Temple Mount served as a dump site since the Mamluk
evidence that the eastern section of the Temple Mount served as a dump site since the Mamluk
evidence that the Temple Mount was occupied to some extent during the Byzantine Period,
evidence that the eastern section of the Temple Mount served as a dump site since the Mamluk
reconstruction of the Opus Sectile floor patterns that decorated Herod's Temple courts, jar handles which date the earlier phase to the 8th century BCE, and suggested it was
period, and evidence that the Iron Age pottery from the TMSP is similar to that in the Ophel
period, and evidence that the Iron Age pottery from the TMSP is similar to that in the Ophel
evidence that the eastern section of the Temple Mount served as a dump site since the Mamluk
period, and evidence that the Iron Age pottery from the TMSP is similar to that in the Ophel
evidence that the Temple Mount was occupied to some extent during the Byzantine Period, reconstructed shortly afterward, perhaps at the time of King Hezekiah or Manasseh. Thus,
excavation, which indicates that both areas were part of the Royal Compound during the First
10
excavation, which indicates that both areas were part of the Royal Compound during the First
Tel-Aviv, Israel
period, and evidence that the Iron Age pottery from the TMSP is similar to that in the Ophel Barkay guiding a group of visitors to the Temple Mount Sifting Project 6 See fo 6 See for example: G. Barkay and D. Ussishkin. (2004). "The Late Bronze Age Strata". In: Ussishkin, D (Ed.).
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excavation, which indicates that both areas were part of the Royal Compound during the First
evidence that the eastern section of the Temple Mount served as a dump site since the Mamluk The Ren ewed A r ch a e o lo g ica l E xc a va tio n s a t La c h is h ( 1 9 7 3 - 1994) I , 2 . T e l A vi v U n i ve r s i t y . p p . 31 6 - 41 1; G .
Temple period.
Temple period.
The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994) I,2. Tel Aviv University. pp. 316-411; G.
excavation, which indicates that both areas were part of the Royal Compound during the First Archaeological Center Publications
(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
Temple period.
period, and evidence that the Iron Age pottery from the TMSP is similar to that in the Ophel Barkay guiding a group of visitors to the Temple Mount Sifting Project Barkay Barkay (1996). "A Balance Beam from Tel Lachish". Tel Aviv 23,1. pp. 75-82.
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excavation, which indicates that both areas were part of the Royal Compound during the First (Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project) 8 8 G. Barkay, et. Al. (2004). "The Amulets from Ketef Hinnom: A New Edition and Evaluation". Bulletin of the
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Barkay guiding a group of visitors to the Temple Mount Sifting Project In the In the years 1975-1976, 1979-1980, 1988-1989, 1994 and 1996. See: G. Barkay. (2009). "The Riches of Ketef American Schools of Oriental Research (334). pp. 41-71.
Temple period. (Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project) Hinnom " . B ib lica l A r ch a e o lo g y R ev iew 35( 4/ 5 ) . pp . 23 - 35 , 12 2 - 126. 10 G. Barkay (2006). "Royal Palace, Royal Portrait?: The Tantalizing Possibilities of Ramat Raḥel". Biblical
Hinnom". Biblical Archaeology Review 35(4/5). pp. 23-35, 122-126.
Archaeology Review 32(5). pp. 34-44.
See list of publication at project's website: tmsifting.org/en/further-reading
12
list of publication at project's website: tmsifting.org/en/further-reading
12
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12 See list of publication at project's website: tmsifting.org/en/further-reading
See list of publication at project's website: tmsifting.org/en/further-reading
12
12 See list of publication at project's website: tmsifting.org/en/further-reading XIV
XVIII
