Page 5 - e-MODULE BIOLOGY ZALDY

Pict.1.3. Ecosystem diversity : (a) coral reefs ecosystems, (b) ricefield ecosystems, (c) forest
ecosystems, (d) grassland ecosystems.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

B. Biodiversity Benefits

Biodiversity has benefits for humans. Some of the economic benefits of biodiversity for
humans include :

1. Value of consumptive benefits
Consumptive benefit value means that biodiversity products are directly consumed, such as
firewood, food, livestock, and game meat. Almost 100% of the needs for food, clothing,
medicine, building materials, and oxygen are due to the services of biodiversity.

2. Value of productive benefits
Productive benefit values mean the values of biodiversity products that are commercially
exploited. Many industries require raw materials from biodiversity. For example the paper
industry requires plant stems. The pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries require a variety of
animals and plants.

3. Value of ecological benefits
The value of ecological benefits, meaning the direct values of the function of biodiversity.
Biodiversity in an area greatly affects the stability of the ecosystem. The higher the
biodiversity in an ecosystem, the more stable that ecosystem is than the ecosystem with lower
biodiversity.

C. Indonesian Biodiversity

Indonesia is an archipelago country which has a very high biodiversity. However, the
quality and quantity of biodiversity is uneven across the island. Animals and plants that live
and develop in certain areas in Indonesia, among others, are as follows :

1. Animal group
a. Komodo (Varanus komodoensis), on the island of Komodo
b. Anoa (Anoa depressicornis), Sulawesi
c. Bird of Paradise (Paradisea minor), Papua
d. Javan Rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus)

Biology/X.1/2020
Nusaputera SHS 5