Page 6 - e-MODULE BIOLOGY ZALDY

e. Sumatran Rhino (Rhinoceros sumatrensis)
f. Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), Borneo

2. Plant groups
a. Durian (Durio zibethinus). Some of the varieties are : petruk-Jepara, simas-Bogor,
Sitokong-Ragunan.
b. Salak (Salacca edulis), the varieties include : salak pondoh-Sleman, salak Bali-Bali,
salak condet-Jakarta.
c. Rafflesia arnoldii
d. Kluwak (Pangium edule)
e. Sawo kecik (Manilkara kauki)

1. Distribution of flora in Indonesia

There are plants that live in a place that grows naturally and some are cultivated by
humans. Flora or the plant world in various places in the world must be different, this is
influenced by several factors, including the following:
 Climate
 Soil type
 Relief or height and low earth surface
 Biotic (the influence of living things)

Because of these factors, Indonesia has a diversity of plant species. Climate has a
very big influence, especially air temperature and rainfall. Areas with high rainfall have dense
forests and more varied types of plants, for example: on the islands of Sumatra and
Kalimantan.
Meanwhile, areas with relatively less rainfall do not have dense forests such as in
Nusa Tenggara. This area is overgrown with shrubs with broad grasslands. Air temperature
also affects plants that can live in a place. Junghuhn has zoned (zoning) plants in Indonesia as
follows :
 Hot areas (0 - 650 meters), suitable plants in this area are coconut, rice, corn, sugar
cane, rubber.
 Medium area (650 - 1500 meters), suitable plants in this area are coffee, tobacco, tea,
vegetables.
 Cool area (1500 - 2500 meters), suitable plants in this area are tea, vegetables, quinine,
pine.
 Cold areas (above 2500 meters) no cultivated plants.

Several types of flora in Indonesia that are influenced by climate are as follows :

 Seasonal Forests, found in areas of Indonesia that have high temperatures and have
different plant conditions in the rainy season and the dry season. In the dry season the
trees will wither and in the rainy season they will grow green again. Examples of
seasonal forests are teak and cottonwood forests. There are many monsoon forests in
Central Java and East Java.
 Tropical Rain Forest, located in areas with high rainfall. Indonesia has a tropical
climate and is traversed by the equator so that Indonesia gets lots of sunshine

Biology/X.1/2020
Nusaputera SHS 6