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2004). Therefore, if the author intends for foreign academic readers to read
his text, he must adhere to the norms of academic writing.
In addition, writing is a cognitive activity, which refers to thinking
actions requiring knowledge to produce good writing. According to
Bachman, (1990), Canale and Swain (1980), the writer should have
knowledge of writing, which includes understanding of language,
discourse, and sociolinguistics. Linguistic knowledge entails understanding
of language structures. To avoid reader misunderstandings, the writer
should use correct sentences. Sociolinguistic knowledge, on the other hand,
refers to how the writer presents ideas and concepts to readers based on
their cultural background. Discourse knowledge is the capacity to articulate
ideas and concepts logically in writing such that the reader understands the
information delivered. The writer must be imaginative in translating his
ideas into understandable writing. In short, the writer has the central role of
transferring messages, he should have a wide range of knowledge.
b. Teaching Writing
Teaching writing is the interaction between the instructor and
students in determining how to motivate students to learn by producing
comprehensible texts. Therefore, writing instruction should enable students
to experiment with and convey themselves through various genres. In
addition, the instruction should be recursive, which means that students
should produce quality text while revising and editing, frequently moving
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