Page 34 - BUKU SYNOPSIS

four primary stages of the thinking process: planning, drafting, revising,

and editing (Brown & Lee, 2015; Harmer, 2015; Hyland, 2004). This

method enables students to revise their texts by moving back and forth.

Students gain from multiple phases of this strategy. For instance,

students are instructed to brainstorm or mind-map during the planning

process. Students then compose an initial draft based on the outline.

Before writing a final draft, students can perform the phases of revision

and editing on their own. Throughout the reasoning process, this

method also encourages students' creative thinking. The process-based

approach requires feedback from oneself, peers, and the instructor

(Keh, 1990). In short, the process-based approach allows students to

proceed through a systematic procedure for constructing a

comprehensible text. A skilled writer devotes time and effort to

planning, revising, rereading, and creating multiple manuscripts before

producing a final draft. Students benefit from feedback from

various sources to enhance their final draft.

3) A Genre-based Approach (GBA)

Some scholars different definitions but similar purposes about the

the term “genre” in the language context. For example, Swales (1990)

defines "genre" as a set of communication abilities used to achieve

communicative goals acknowledged by the discourse community.

Furthermore, Hyland (2004) defines "genre" as a term used to collect

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