Page 121 - JLA-03

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¢Õß EM

√–‡∫’¬∫«‘∏’«‘®—¬∑’Ëπà“®–™à«¬ “ß„¬Õ—π´—∫´âÕπ√–À«à“ßªí®®—¬À≈“°À≈“¬‡æ◊ËÕÀ“§«“¡
—¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“߇Àμÿ·≈–º≈ (causality) ∑’Ëπà“‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ‰¥â¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ ®—¥„Àâ¡’°“√∑¥≈Õß

·∫∫ ÿà¡·≈–¡’°≈ÿࡧ«∫§ÿ¡ (randomised controlled trial ´÷Ëß„π∑’Ëπ’È¢Õ‡√’¬°Õ¬à“߬àÕ«à“ RCT)

·∫∫∑’Ë¡—°„™â„π°“√«‘®—¬∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å·≈–‡√‘Ë¡π”¡“„™â„πß“π«‘®—¬∑“߇»√…∞»“ μ√å
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∫â“ß·≈â« ¢âÕ¥’¢Õß RCT §◊ÕºŸâ«‘®—¬ “¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ¡‰¥â«à“‡©æ“–ªí®®—¬À√◊Õμ—«·ª√„¥∑’Ë®–π”
¡“∑¥≈Õ߇æ◊ËÕª√–‡¡‘πº≈ ‚¥¬¢®—¥À√◊Õ≈¥∑ÕπÕ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢Õßªí®®—¬Õ◊ËπÊ À√◊Õμ—«·ª√∑’Ë¡Õß

‰¡à‡ÀÁπÕÕ°‰ª ∑”„Àâ ‘Ëß∑’Ë«—¥‰¥âπà“‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπº≈∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°ªí®®—¬π—ÈπÕ¬à“ß·∑â®√‘ß ·≈–„π

∫√√¥“°“√«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫ EM πâÕ¬™‘Èπ∑’Ë∂◊Õ‰¥â«à“„Àâ¢âÕ √ÿªÕ—π‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ‰¥âπ—Èπ°Á¡’ß“π∑’Ë»÷°…“‚¥¬
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„™â«‘∏’ RCT π’ȇ™àπ°—π

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M. Renzema, ùEvaluative Research on Electronic Monitoringû, in M. Nellis, K. Beyens
and D. Kaminski (eds.), Electronically Monitored Punishment: International and Critical
Perspectives, Milton Parks, Routledge, 2013, pp. 247-270. °“√ª√–‡¡‘πº≈®“°ß“π«‘®—¬∑’ˇ™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ‰¥â
à«π„À≠à„πªí®®ÿ∫—ππ’È„Àâº≈§àÕπ¢â“ßμ√ß°—π«à“ „π·ßà¢Õß°“√≈¥°“√°√–∑”º‘¥´È” EM „Àâº≈¥’°«à“¡“μ√°“√
∑“߇≈◊Õ°Õ◊ËπÊ ‡æ’¬ß‡≈Á°πâÕ¬·≈–‰¡à¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ ‡«âπ·μà°—∫®”‡≈¬∫“ߪ√–‡¿∑∑’Ë EM ¥Ÿ¡’»—°¬¿“æ®√‘ßÊ „π
·ßàπ’È ‡™àπ ®”‡≈¬∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡ ’Ë¬ß Ÿß À√◊Õ®”‡≈¬∑’Ë°√–∑”§«“¡º‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫‡æ» Õ¬à“߉√°Áμ“¡ ¬—߉¡à‡ªìπ∑’Ë·πà™—¥
«à“Õ–‰√°—π·πà‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√„™â EM ∑’Ë∑”„À⇰‘¥º≈¥—ß°≈à“«. ‚ª√¥¥Ÿ Ibid; Belur, et al., supra note 64.
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°“√π”«‘∏’«‘®—¬·∫∫ RCT ¡“„™â„π°“√«‘®—¬∑“߇»√…∞»“ μ√剥â √â“ßÕߧ姫“¡√Ÿâ∑’Ë¡’ª√–‚¬™πåÕ¬à“ß„À≠àÀ≈«ß
‚¥¬‡©æ“–„π “¢“‡»√…∞»“ μ√å°“√æ—≤π“‡æ◊ËÕ°“√· «ßÀ“Àπ∑“ß·°âªí≠À“§«“¡¬“°®π ®π‡ªìπ‡Àμÿ„Àâ
π—°‡»√…∞»“ μ√å Û ∑à“π ºŸâ√‘‡√‘Ë¡„™â RCT „π “¢“«‘™“¥—ß°≈à“«‰¥â·°à Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo
·≈– Michael Kremer ‰¥â√—∫√“ß«—≈‚π‡∫≈ “¢“‡»√…∞»“ μ√åª√–®”ªï ÚÒ˘. ‚ª√¥¥Ÿ The Royal Swedish
Academy of Sciences, ùPress Release: The Prizes in Economic Science 2019û, The Nobel
Prize, 14 October 2019, https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2019/press-
release/, (accessed 15 November 2019).
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‡™àπ °“√«—¥º≈„π‡™‘ß≈¥°“√°√–∑”º‘¥´È”¢Õß EM ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√„Àâ∑”ß“π∫√‘°“√ —ߧ¡„πª√–‡∑»
«‘μ‡´Õ√å·≈π¥å ‚¥¬„™â«‘∏’ RCT ´÷Ëßæ∫«à“ EM „Àâº≈∑’Ë¥’°«à“‡≈Á°πâÕ¬·≈–‰¡à¡’π—¬ ”§—≠π—° Õ¬à“߉√°Áμ“¡
§≥–ºŸâ«‘®—¬‡ÀÁπ«à“Õ“® √ÿªº≈®“°ß“π™‘Èππ’ȉ¥â«à“ °“√∑”ß“π∫√‘°“√ —ߧ¡‰¡à‰¥â™à«¬≈¥°“√°√–∑”º‘¥´È”¡“°°«à“
EM ‡ ¡Õ‰ª. ‚ª√¥¥Ÿ M. Killias, et al., ùCommunity Service Versus Electronic Monitoringfi
What Works Better?: Results of a Randomized Trialû, The British Journal of Criminology,
vol. 50, no. 6, 2010, pp. 1155-1170.

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