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free up teachers to teach. Second, AI will discharge the du- tries and corporates adopting AI with the hope of spurring
ties of a personal tutor and guide every child or teacher great productivity leaps.
in a personalised manner, respond to questions both big According to ICT pundits, there are three main types of
and small, and provide instant feedback to course-correct AI — Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), Artificial General
and improve. All this in real-time. Therefore, AI is a game Intelligence (AGI), and Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI).
changer; it will overhaul learning and education. But like Goal-oriented ANI enables ICT systems to discharge spe-
all technologies, educators and students need to use it in- cific tasks such as content generation, prediction or classi-
telligently and responsibly,” says Pramath Sinha, the fication based on data. ANI powers much of the technology
highly accomplished former partner at McKinsey & Co, we interact with daily — Google Assistant, Alexa, Siri, and
USA, founding dean of the blue-chip Indian School of Google Translate. Generative AI (ChatGPT) is a subset of
Business, Hyderabad and founder-trustee of Ashoka Uni- ANI focused on generating new content (images, text, or
versity, Sonipat. Recently (2018), Sinha promoted Harappa music) based on directed commands.
Education, an online learning platform (since acquired by Next level AGI utilises computer power to assimilate ab-
UpGrad) and has transformed into an AI in education evan- stract data to provide solutions. It integrates published data
gelist. and human cognition into software, enabling AGI powered
The term ‘artificial intelligence’ was first used at a 1956 programs to provide data and knowledge analysis-based
workshop in the Ivy League Dartmouth College, USA, to de- solutions. Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) is the pinnacle
scribe the science of manufacturing “intelligent machines, of AI development: computers are invested with intellectual
especially intelligent computer programs”. During the fol- capacity greater than of average human beings.
lowing decades, AI developed in fits and starts, with peri- According to Dr. Venunadhan B. Pillai, a Kollam-
ods of rapid progress interspersed with winters of inaction. based education consultant to IB and Cambridge-affiliated
Meanwhile definitions of AI multiplied often becoming en- schools, the “dramatic emergence of these three distinct
tangled with the philosophical questions of what constitutes categories of AI is set to make a significant impact on the fu-
‘intelligence’, and whether machines can ever really be as ture of school curricula and the way students prepare for ca-
‘intelligent’ as humans. Currently, the world is experiencing reers”. “In several countries, schools are already integrating
an AI renaissance, with an ever-increasing range of indus- ANI-powered teaching assistants and personalised learn-

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