Page 104 - PPW (Paper Proposal Writing)

Category Examples
Illustration For example, for instance, namely, to illustrate, in other words,
such as
Addition In addition to, furthermore, moreover, besides, also, both-and,
another, equally important, further, not only-but also, as well as,

in the second place, in the same way, as well
Details Specifically, especially, in particular, to explain, to list, to
enumerate, in detail, namely, including
Emphasis Above all, indeed, truly, of course, certainly, surely, in fact, really,
in truth, again, besides, also, furthermore
Similarity or Similarly, likewise, in like fashion, in like manner, analogous to
comparison

Consideration Given that, given, considering, regarding, concerning
Result/ consequence As a result, therefore, thus, so, hence, for this reason,
consequently
Adapted from: http://writing2.richmond.edu/writing/wweb/trans1.html

After you learned about the phrases, practice to use them by doing the exercise. Complete
the incomplete paragraph of an abstract below with the appropriate transition signals/
phrases considering their function.

Abstract
In this era, English is integrated into many fields, (1) ……………….. those requiring speaking
ability in English. (2) ……………….., students are encouraged to learn and even master the
language well to equip them before entering the professional phases after graduation. (3)
……………….., an issue that must be solved beforehand is students’ anxiety in speaking English.

(4) ……………….. issue, this study will be conducted to investigate how the students’ strategies
in reducing their anxiety in speaking English are and what the factors affecting students’
anxiety in speaking English are (5) ………………... This study will employ mixed methods in
collecting the data. The participants of this study are going to be selected from 30 students
Grade VII in one of junior highs school in Dalu-Dalu. (6) ……………….., there will be also a focus
group discussion as an initial observation on the participants’ anxiety and fear in speaking
English. (7) ……………….., a questionnaire will also be distributed to measure their anxiety,
coping strategies, and factors affecting the anxiety. (8) ……………….., the results from the

questionnaire will be processed using SPSS 26 and be triangulated with an interview. This
study is expected to result in some outcomes (9) ……………….. identifying the strategies in
reducing students’ anxiety in speaking English and finding out the factors affecting students’
anxiety so that teachers are able to be more aware and help their students more in reducing
their anxiety (10) ……………….. in speaking English.
Keywords: Anxiety, speaking English, students’ strategies and factors
Adapted from: https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/109534-
EN-students-anxiety-in-english-learning-a-s.pdf

96 Paper Proposal Writing