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Collaborative learning

Collaborative learning is an educational approach that emphasizes group work and
interaction among students to enhance their learning experience. It is based on the idea that

learners benefit from working together, sharing ideas, and solving problems as a team.
Collaborative learning can take place in a variety of settings, from traditional classrooms to

online environments. Collaborative learning is based on the idea that knowledge is created
through social interaction and that learners can benefit from each other's resources and

skills.

Collaborative learning involves an interdependence between success of the
individual and success of the group, requiring both personal preparation and teamwork.

Asynchronous work, in combination with group interaction and problem solving,
differentiates collaborative learning from other interactive teaching methods (Falcione,

et.al., 2019). Collaborative learning is an approach to learning in which students work
together in groups to achieve common goals, learn from each other, and build shared

knowledge through interaction, discussion, and collaboration. Collaborative learning can

also help students develop social and interpersonal skills that are important in real life.
Indicators of collaborative learning include active group participation, discussion,

contribution to the group, and development of social skills (Pujiati, 2023). Collaboration

can be classified into at least three areas, namely: collaboration as a competency,
collaboration as an action or implementation, and collaboration as a learning model. As a

competency, collaboration is one of the four 21st century skills proposed by UNESCO.
This competency has been included in the 2013 curriculum. Not only for students,

collaboration competency is also one of the ICT competencies for teachers, even at the ICT
competency level, sharing and collaboration occupy the highest level. At the action or

implementation level, collaboration is a form of working together to achieve common

goals. Collaboration at this level can be between teachers, schools or institutions.
Meanwhile, collaboration as a learning model is an effort by teachers or educators to