Page 1068 - The Toxicology of Fishes

1048 The Toxicology of Fishes

Opsanus beta, 43 organophosphorus esters, 427, 432
Opsanus tau, 329, 349, 694 organoselenides, 178
optic nerve, 421, 424 organosomatic indices, 703, 706
optic tectum, 421, 424, 443 organotin, 199, 440
oral administration, 94, 102 organotins, 199, 357, 440, 503
oral bioavailability, 17, 71, 75, 94, 102, 114, 126 ormetroprim, 79
oral mucosa, 79 Oryzias latipes, 162, 177, 178, 214, 237, 341, 343,
oral valve, 65 363, 430, 433, 434, 436, 437, 439, 445, 490,
ore body, 783 498, 500, 503, 504, 505, 506, 509, 511, 512,
Oreochromis mossambicus, 329; see also tilapia 513, 557, 558, 560, 564, 565–566, 569, 711,
Oreochromis niloticus, 189, 331, 355, 490, 495, 842, 974, 990; see also medaka
496, 498, 503, 505, 507, 508, 511, 512, 848; Oscillatoria, 444
see also tilapia Osmerus mordax, 826
organ mass, 706 osmolarity, 401, 411
organelles, 375 osmoregulation, 13, 28–29, 31, 56, 65, 69, 177,
organic anion transporter polypeptides (Oatps), 401–411, 440, 442, 476, 707, 809, 813, 829
63, 85, 361, 362–363 endocrine control of, 410–411
organic carbon, see carbon: organic Ostα, Ostβ, 363
organic carbon–water partition coefficient (K ), Osteichthyes, 422
oc
12, 17, 130, 131, 678, 884 Ottawa River, 847
benzo(a)pyrene, 43 ovarian atresia, 895
PAH, 882 ovarian follicles, 458
organic cation transporters (OCTs), 361, 362 ovarian somatic index, 831
organic compounds, 129, 469, 947 ovaries, 81, 82, 123, 357, 460, 465, 471, 473
chemical extraction efficiencies of, 15 CYP3A expression in, 174
chlorinated, 934, 937, 944, 949 ovipositor formation, in males, 951
copper, and, 30 ovulation, 461, 471
dietary uptake data for, 17 oxalic acid, 283
dissolved, 28 oxidants, 286
ionized, 67 oxidation, 154–179, 191, 281, 349, 360, 540,
lipophilic, 16 544–547, 810, 954
methylmercury, and, 39 fatty acid, 349, 357
nonionic, 12 lipid, 342
organic extracts, of lake trout, 837–838 protein, 293–294
organic matter, 28, 30, 38 saturated fat, 342
organochlorine, 134, 372, 437–439, 504, oxidative phosphorylation, 441
506–507, 563, 661, 937, 944 oxidative stress, 5, 164, 190, 194–195, 236, 258,
insecticides, 80, 808 273–308, 372, 439, 441, 442, 476, 545, 547,
pesticides, 11, 12, 467, 468, 475, 476, 601, 690, 693, 694, 696
625, 626–627, 824, 825 adaptation to, 305
tolerance to, 608–609 aging, and, 295
-resistant fish, 609 biomarkers of, 305–307
organogenesis, 250 cancer, and, 307
organomercury seed treatments, 440 chemical-mediated, 298–300
organometals, 11, 12, 20, 35–39, 115, 497 diseases associated with, 295
accumulation of, 35 fish studies, 301–307
speciation of, 35 antioxidant defense systems, 301–303
organophosphate esters, 213–215 in vivo prooxidants, 303
organophosphate pesticides, 305, 702 iron-induced, 441
organophosphates, 182, 207, 432, 433, 497, oxides, 37
504–505, 609, 735, 807, 810 oxidoreductase, dicoumarol-sensitive, 179
metabolites of, 213 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), 545, 546, 547
organophosphorus, 431, 433–434, 467 oxolinic acid, 73, 75