Page 674 - The Toxicology of Fishes

654 The Toxicology of Fishes

Atmospheric
Deposition: Volatilization: Absorption:
0.828
0.680 3.998
Direct Discharge:
100

Advective Outflow: 74.163

Mass in Water: 20.32 kg
Advective Inflow: 54.751
Concentration in Water: 1354 µg/m 3
Water Reaction: 72.558

Deposition: 8.089
W–S Diffusion: 4.469
Resuspension: 0.834 S–W Diffusion: 6.186

Burial: 0.845
Active Sediment Sediment Reaction: 4.693
Mass in Sediment: 42.52 kg
Concentration in Sediment: 3932 ng/g

Total mass of pyrene: 62.84 kg

FIGURE 14.3 Process rates of the chemical fate of pyrene in the hypothetical lake environment (expressed as kg/year).

on both the properties of the chemical and those of the environment in which it is distributed. Chemical
properties can vary over a range of 10 , so the fate of a very volatile chemical such as chloroform is
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entirely different from that of the involatile benzo(a)pyrene. Only with the aid of a model can these
differences be assessed, evaluated, and predicted in advance.

Bioaccumulation
Chapters 2 and 3 gave comprehensive reviews of bioavailability and bioaccumulation, so no attempt is
made here to repeat this material; however, it is useful to demonstrate how the abiotic fate data presented
above can be used to calculate concentrations in fish. This can be accomplished by one of several models
in which the box receiving inputs and generating outputs is a fish (Figure 14.4). In more sophisticated
pharmacokinetic models, the fish can be treated as a series of connected boxes, each box corresponding
to an organ or a group of tissues. To extend the illustration, we apply the FISH mass balance model
(www.trentu.ca/cemc) to both chemicals, using the water column concentrations previously determined.
The fish considered is a 10 g trout as specified in Table 14.5. The output data and fluxes are given in
Table 14.6 and Table 14.7.
For anthracene, the whole body wet weight concentration is 1.14 g/m or µg/g. Uptake is 21.8% from
3
food and 78.2% from respired water for a total input rate of 1.04 µg/day. The bioconcentration factor
expressed as the ratio of concentration in fish to that dissolved in water is 1713. The losses are 0.176