Page 1237 - Small Animal Internal Medicine, 6th Edition
P. 1237

CHAPTER 69   Disorders of the Joints   1209


            and a treatment trial with doxycycline has been ineffective.   Foley J, et al. Association between polyarthritis and thrombocyto-
            Serologic tests for circulating RF (using the canine Rose-  penia and increased prevalence of vectorborne pathogens in
  VetBooks.ir  Waaler or ELISA test) are positive in most literature reports   Greene CE, et al. Ehrlichia and Anaplasma infections. In: Greene
                                                                  Californian dogs. Vet Rec. 2007;160:159.
            of cats with rheumatoid-like arthritis, but a positive test is
                                                                  CE, ed. Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. 4th ed. Philadelphia:
            not essential for diagnosis (Hanna, 2005).
                                                                  Elsevier; 2006.
              Rheumatoid-like  arthritis  is  an  aggressive,  destructive,   Hanna FY. Disease modifying treatment for feline rheumatoid
            and irreversible disease. Most cats have only a minimal   arthritis. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2005;18:94.
            response  to  treatment  with NSAIDs or  glucocorticoids.   Jacques D, et al. A retrospective study of 40 dogs with polyarthritis.
            There have, however, been reports of remarkable improve-  Vet Surg. 2002;31:428.
            ment in cats treated with methotrexate in combination with   Littman MP, et al. ACVIM Small Animal Consensus statement on
            leflunomide (Hanna, 2005) (see Table 69.3). Treatment with   Lyme disease in dogs: diagnosis, treatment and prevention. J Vet
            other potent immunosuppressive agents should also be con-  Intern Med. 2006;20:422.
            sidered. Concurrent treatment with analgesics such as aman-  Johnson KC, Mackin A. Canine immune-mediated polyarthritis,
            tadine (3 mg/kg PO q24h), amitriptyline (0.5-2 mg/kg PO   Part 1: pathophysiology. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2012;48:12.
            q24h), or gabapentin (2-10 mg/kg PO q24h) may make   Johnson KC, Mackin A. Canine immune-mediated polyarthritis,
            affected cats more comfortable.                       Part 2:  diagnosis  and treatment.  J Am Anim Hosp Assoc.
                                                                  2012;48:71.
                                                                 Lemetayer J, Taylor S. Inflammatory joint disease in cats: diagnostic
            Suggested Readings                                    approach and treatment. J Feline Med Surg. 2014;16:547.
            Agut A, et al. Clinical and radiographic study of bone and joint   Muir P, et al. Detection of DNA from a range of bacterial species
              lesions in 26 dogs with leishmaniasis. Vet Rec. 2003;153:648.  in the knee joints of dogs with inflammatory knee arthritis and
            Berg RIM, et al. Effect of repeated arthrocentesis on cytologic    associated degenerative anterior cruciate ligament rupture.
              analysis of synovial fluid in dogs.  J Vet Intern Med. 2009;23:   Microb Pathog. 2007;42:47.
              814.                                               Olsson M, et al. A novel unstable duplication upstream of HAS2
            Bleedorn JA, et al. Synovitis in dogs with stable stifle joints and   predisposes to a breed-defining skin phenotype and a periodic
              incipient cranial cruciate ligament rupture: a cross-sectional   fever syndrome in Chinese Shar-Pei dogs.  PLoS Genet.
              study. Vet Surg. 2011;40:531.                       2011;7:e1001332. [Epub Mar 17, 2011].
            Clements DN, et al. Type I immune-mediated polyarthritis in dogs:   Rhoades AC, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of prednisone and
              39 cases (1997-2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2004;224:1323.  cyclosporine for treatment of dogs with primary immune medi-
            Clements DN, et al. Retrospective study of bacterial infective endo-  ated polyarthritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2016;248:395.
              carditis in 31 dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 2005;46:171.  Rondeau MP, et al. Suppurative, nonseptic polyarthropathy in dogs.
            Colopy SA, et al. Efficacy of leflunomide for treatment of immune   J Vet Intern Med. 2005;19:654.
              mediated polyarthritis in dogs: 14 cases (2006-2008). J Am Vet   Rychel JK. Diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis. Top Compan-
              Med Assoc. 2010;236:312.                            ion Anim Med. 2010;25:20.
            Danielson F, et al. Inflammatory response in dogs with spontane-  Vanderweerd C, et al. Systematic review of efficacy of nutraceuti-
              ous cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Vet Comp Orthop Trauma-  cals to alleviate clinical signs of osteoarthritis. J Vet Intern Med.
              tol. 2005;17:237.                                   2012;26:448.





            Drugs Used in Joint Disease

             DRUG NAME (TRADE                                                 RECOMMENDED DOSE
             NAME)                    PURPOSE                 DOG                           CAT

             Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)  Analgesia, antiinflammatory  10-20 mg/kg PO q8h  10 mg/kg PO q48h
             Amantadine               Analgesia               3-5 mg/kg PO q24h             3 mg/kg PO q24h
             Amoxicillin              Antibiotic              22 mg/kg PO q12h              Same
             Amoxicillin with clavulanic   Antibiotic         12-25 mg/kg PO q8h            Same
               acid (Clavamox)
             Ampicillin               Antibiotic              22 mg/kg PO q8h or            Same
                                                              22 mg/kg IV, SC, IM q6h
             Azathioprine (Imuran)    Immunosuppression       2.2 mg/kg PO q24-48h          Not recommended
             Buprenorphine (injectable)  Analgesia            0.01-0.03 mg/kg IM q8h        0.01-0.03 mg/kg on
                                                                                             oral mucosa q8h
             Carprofen (Rimadyl)      Analgesia, antiinflammatory  2.2 mg/kg PO q12h        None
                                                                                                          Continued
   1232   1233   1234   1235   1236   1237   1238   1239   1240   1241   1242