Page 58 - Rule Outs in Small Animal Medicine, Problem-oriented Assessment of Problems in Physical Examination and Clinical Pathology, 2nd Edition

Internal Medicine Internal Medicine
Gastrointestinal tract Gastrointestinal tract

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Faecal
Flatulence incontinence

Abnormal Normal
sphincter tonus sphincter tonus

Increased intestinal gas Excessive ingestion of
production air

Increased Normal
Sphincter Neurologic defecation defecation
disease disorders
stimulus stimulus

Increased number of Obstruction
gas-forming bacteria in Increased substrates of the upper Ravenous appetite – Neoplasia – Colitis – Behavioural
for gas production
the intestinal tract respiratory tract – Postoperative Cauda equina Spinal cord – Proctitis abnormalities
(e.g. tumour lesion lesion S1–S3 – Neoplasia
resection) – Narrowing of
– Fistula the pelvis
(e.g. after pelvic
– Bacterial overgrowth – Feeding of milk – Rhinitis – Spinal disc – Spinal cord fracture)
(e.g. due to exocrine – Ingestion of spoiled – Nasal neoplasia herniation infarction – Laxatives
pancreatic food – Tracheal collapse – Discospondylitis – Neoplasia (e.g.
insufficiency or – Laryngeal paralysis – Neoplasia lymphoma in
anatomical – BOAS cats)
abnormalities) – Foreign body – Spinal disc
herniation

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