Page 59 - Rule Outs in Small Animal Medicine, Problem-oriented Assessment of Problems in Physical Examination and Clinical Pathology, 2nd Edition
P. 59
Internal Medicine
Gastrointestinal tract
VetBooks.ir
Faecal
incontinence
Abnormal Normal
sphincter tonus sphincter tonus
Increased Normal
Sphincter Neurologic defecation defecation
disease disorders
stimulus stimulus
– Neoplasia Cauda equina Spinal cord – Colitis – Behavioural
– Postoperative lesion lesion S1–S3 – Proctitis abnormalities
(e.g. tumour – Neoplasia
resection) – Narrowing of
– Fistula the pelvis
(e.g. after pelvic
– Spinal disc – Spinal cord fracture)
herniation infarction – Laxatives
– Discospondylitis – Neoplasia (e.g.
– Neoplasia lymphoma in
cats)
– Spinal disc
herniation
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