Page 658 - Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine

626 Section 6 Gastrointestinal Disease

the same animal species that it will be used in). This the- probiotic effects are species specific. The microbiota
VetBooks.ir ory is based on the fact that the intestinal microbiota dif- differs dramatically even within animals of the same spe-
cies, so the concept of a species‐specific probiotic may
fers between different animal species. Furthermore, a
host‐specific probiotic may be better adapted to its tar-
models) and in vitro (based on the adherence to epithe-
get organism (e.g., stomach pH, bile acid composition, not be entirely accurate. Several in vivo (based on animal
adherence to epithelial cells). However, while it is known lial cells) studies have shown that human and canine
that the resident microbiota differs between different probiotics are capable of conferring a health benefit to
animal species, it has never been demonstrated that other animal species.

Further Reading

Honneffer JB, Minamot Y, Suchodolski JS. Microbiota Minamoto Y, Otoni CC, Steelman SM, et al. Alteration of
alterations in acute and chronic gastrointestinal the fecal microbiota and serum metabolite profiles in
inflammation of cats and dogs. World J Gastroenterol dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Gut
2014; 20: 16489–97. Microbes 2015; 6: 33–47.
Janeczko S, Atwater D, Bogel E, et al. The relationship of White R, Atherly T, Guard B, et al. Randomized, controlled
mucosal bacteria to duodenal histopathology, cytokine trial evaluating the effect of multi‐strain probiotic on the
mRNA, and clinical disease activity in cats with mucosal microbiota in canine idiopathic inflammatory
inflammatory bowel disease. Vet Microbiol 2008; 128: 178–93. bowel disease. Gut Microbes 2017; 8: 451–66.