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when calculated in tons, the farmers' profit will amount to IDR 3.332 trillion throughout

three harvests in a year.
The fourth hypothesis suggests investing in organic fertilizer on a land area of

56,097.80 hectares, to achieve a 23% increase in production from 638,983 tons to
785,949 tons. If we assume that the price of paddy is Rp5000 per kilogram and we

calculate it in tons, then the farmer's profit will amount to Rp3,428 trillion throughout 3
harvests in a year.

The fifth hypothesis proposes investing in organic fertilizer on a land area of

56,097.80 hectares. This investment aims to achieve a 40% increase in production,
from 638,983 tons to 894,576 tons. Assuming a paddy price of Rp5000 per kilogram,

the farmer's profit will amount to Rp4.272 trillion over 3 harvests in a year. The sixth
hypothesis involves investing in organic fertilizer for a land area of 56,097.80 hectares,

resulting in a 60% increase in production from 638,983 tons to 1,022,373 tons. Given

a paddy price of Rp5000 per kilogram, when calculated in tons, the farmers' profit will
amount to Rp4.911 trillion throughout three harvests in a year.

Regarding fertilizer programs in agriculture, Bumb and Baanante (2020) state
that enterprises producing organic fertilizers in developed and developing countries

maintain readily available capital stocks for investment in fertilizer sectors. The dis-

parity in fertilizer pricing, encompassing both the cost of organic fertilizer and the pro-
duction expenses associated with each fertilizer type, has led to a rise in income in

recent years, thus impeding investment. To guarantee the availability of sufficient
fertilizers, corporations from countries like China, India, and Pakistan engage in col-

laborative investments through joint ventures. This ensures that the supply of fertiliz-
ers, including organic ones, is ample enough to meet their respective domestic mar-

kets. When considering expanding investment, companies should consider the po-

tential drawbacks of investing in fertilizer production in certain areas. These drawbacks
may include inadequate supporting infrastructure and poor physical land infrastructure,

political instability issues, and the impact of environmental changes and unstable poli-
cies. This is particularly relevant in regions like Sub-Saharan Africa. However, the

fertiliser supply in these regions is not achieved by direct investment, but rather through

the importation of fertilizers, upon which they heavily rely on the worldwide market.
Investment initiatives in fertilizers are directly linked to the working capital required for

the production process. Morse (Morse & MacNamara, 2020) states that in the 18th
century, Adam Smith employed the term "capital" to refer to the forces influencing

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