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"policy variables" to address the lack of certain economic values and social influences

caused by imperfect market mechanisms. (4) The degree of flexibility in temporal
and/or partial adjustment is increased using "complementary elements" in smart plat-

forms. These elements are introduced to stakeholders and supply chain factors under
the control of a decentralized decision-making system.

When implementing an intelligent economic system, investment programs are
crucial in fostering social and economic development. Samad, Eric, and Ishaq con-

ducted a study (Samad, Herma-wan, & Ishaq, 2022) on investment opportunities in

organic fertilizer, warehouse receipt systems, and rice milling. The study found that
investing IDR 500 billion in organic fertilizer, IDR 3,200 trillion in warehouse receipt

systems, and IDR 1,300 trillion in rice milling is economically viable. The research used
an analysis of opportunities, challenges, threats, weaknesses, and financial analysis.

The results showed that the smart platform for these investment projects is feasible,

with positive net present value, internal rate of return, return on investment, profitability,
and profit index.

Regarding investment projects within an economic and social framework, Chen
and Bartle propose utilizing a "reward-based model" to secure funds. This model al-

lows individuals to contribute to the project's financing in exchange for certain benefits,

presenting an inclusive opportunity for public participation. Engaging in investment
without anticipating any financial gain. In this investment approach known as the "re-

ward-based model," funders are given non-financial rewards, typically rewards that
acknowledge their contributions. Furthermore, investment projects can also be exe-

cuted using a novel approach that generates a consistent and reliable future income
stream. Subsequently, this strategy was referred to as the "Investment lending

model," which involves bank loans for investment projects, with the lender receiving a

predetermined return on their investment gains.
This can be seen in investment initiatives such as utilising community bonds at

the Centre for Social Innovation in Canada. The head office of the organization func-
tions by issuing mortgage-backed bonds to finance non-profit investment projects.

These bonds are purchased or held by the organization and the investors have a right

to the mortgages as a commitment to generate returns on their investment. Another
investment option is the "pure investor model," where the investor acts as the project's

financier and obtains rights or equity in the business. They receive different returns,
such as dividends on their shares. International securities and exchange institutions

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