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‫دﻟـﻴــﻞ اﻟﻄــﺎﻟـﺐ‬

‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬

‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺘﺎ ﹰﺑﺎ ﺧﻴﺎﻟ ﹼﹰﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻛﺘﺎ ﹰﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻤ ﹰﹼﻴﺎ ﻳﺼﻒ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﺄﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﺅﻩ ﻃﻠ ﹰﺒﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺒــــﻞ أن ﺗﻘـــــﺮأ‬

‫ﺍﻗـﺮﺃ ﻛ ﹼﹰﻼ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻔﻜﺮةﻭ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﻗـﺮﺍﺀﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼـﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺋﻪ؛ ﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﺗﺰﻭﺩﺍﻧﻚ ﺑﻨﻈﺮﺓ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‪..‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﺎدئ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬

‫‪Principles of Ecology‬‬

‫ﻟـﻜﻞ ﻓﺼـﻞ ﻓﻜﺮة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﻘـﺪﻡ ﺻـﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘـﺎﺝ ﺗﺪﻭﻳـﺮ ﺍﻟﻤـﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺷـﻤﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟـﻜﻞ ﻣـﻮﺿـﻮﻉ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋـﺎﺗـﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤ ﹼﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻜﺮة رﺋﻴﺴﺔ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﻓﻜﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 1-1‬اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫وﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎدﻟﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪  ‬ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻋـﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔﳏﺘﻮ￯ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞﻭﻧﺸﺎﻃﺎﺗﻪﺍﺭﺟﻊﺇﱃﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ‪:‬ﻃﺮاﺋﻖ أﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﺍﻟﻼﺣﻴـﻮﻳـﺔ ﻣ ﹰﻌــﺎ ﺑﻄـﺮﺍﺋـﻖ‬
‫‪www.obeikaneducation.com‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻘـﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬

‫• ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻟﺘﺘﻌ ﹼﺮﻑ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺗﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺪﺍﻭﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 1-2‬اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫• ﺍﺑﺤـﺚ ﻋـﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻔـﺮﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒـﺎﺭﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻈ ﹼﻠﻠـﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠـﻮﻥ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﻔﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪  ‬ﺗﺤﺼـﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫• ﺍﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺨﻄ ﹰﻄﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻮﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺩﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﻳﻭﻟﻭﺟﻳﺎ ‪7‬‬
‫‪www.geologyksa.com‬‬ ‫‪ 1-3‬ﺗﺪوﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬

‫‪  ‬ﻳﻌﺎﺩ ﺗﺪﻭﻳـﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺬﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻮﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪  ‬علم البيئة‬

‫• ﻳﻐﻴﺮ ﺿﻔﺪﻉ ﺍﻷﺷـﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺳـﻴﻔﻴﻜﻲ ﻟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺟﺴـﻤﻪ ﺑﺴـﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺗﺢ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻛﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗـﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫـﺬﺍ ﺍﺳـﺘﺠﺎﺑ ﹰﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﻋﺸـﺎﺵ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻗﻂ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﺑﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷـﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤـﺮﺓ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗـﺪ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋـﺮ ﻟﻼﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﺔ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪.‬‬