Page 76 - Full Solutions 2nd Advanced Student Book_Neat

{4 Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? ln which paragraph(s)
did you find the evidence?
1 Most scientists dismiss the idea of different wortds
Atthough he was aware that he was bending the accepted
co-existing alongside one another.
rules of physics, this was. after at[, fictjon. Nevertheless,
2 lt won't be possibte to traveI through time until we are
as a scientjst himsel"f, Sagan wanted the science in his
able to find and controI btack holes.
novel to be as accurate as possibte, so he asked Kip
3 H.G. Wetts demonstrated the problems thrown up by the
;r Thorne, an established expert in gravitationa[ theory, to
check jt out and advise on how it might be improved. concept of time trave[.
4 The possibitity of tal<ing a short-cut through space [ed
After looking ctosety at the fictjonaI equations, Thorne
scientists to realise that time traveI may be theoretically
realised that such a passage through space-time from one
possible.
btack hote to another (a 'wormhote') actuaL[y could exist
5 Einstein's theories are validated both in scientific
oo within the framework of Einstein's theory. Sagan gratefutty
experiments and by common sense.
accepted Thorne's modification to hjs fictiona['star gate',
and the wormhote duLy featured in the novel, Contact,
Read paragraphs B and F again and explain in your own
oubLished in 1985. words:
il
I I l The star gate, however, stiLL only acted as a
E
uu lhoitdt through space. Scientists soon realised that, 1 the 'granny paradox'.
2 the theory of paraltel wortds.
theoreticatty, a wormhote couLd just as we[[ tink two
different tjmes as two djfferent pl.aces. Whi[e it js hard 6 Find one word from each pair in the text. Then translate the
to see how any civilisation coul.d buitd a wormhote time pairs of words into your language.
machine from scratch, it is much easier to envisage that
1 classic / classica[ (line 2)
uo a naturatty occurring wormho[e might be adapted to
2 unreasonabte / irrationat (Line 31)
suit the time-traveliing needs of a sufficientty advanced
3 possibitity / opportunity (tine 42)
civiLisation. SufficientLy advanced, that is, to be ab[e to
4 impty / infer (tine 42)
travel through space by conventional means. and locate
5 excessively / exceedingty (line 43)
and manipu[ate btack hotes. Even then, there's one snag. 5 borne / born (tine 98)
ru It seems you can't use a time machine to go back jn time
to a point before which the time machine was buitt. You [8 VOCASULARY EUll-DER 7.6: EASILY CoNFUSED
WORBS: WORKBO0K PAGE x09 (13
can go anywhere in the future, and come back to where
you started, but no further. Whjch rather neat[y exp[ains
why no time travelters from our future have yet visited us Linkers that refer to the other person's expectations
so - because the time machine sti[[ hasn't been inventedl os a matter of fact (paragraph A)
r*--r----T
I I I So, where does that leave the paradoxes, and in fact (paragraph C)
F
common sense? Actually, there is a way out of a[[ the actually (paragraphs D and F
difficult'ies, but you may not tike it. It invotves another the plain fact is (paragraph fl
favourite idea from science fiction: parattel worlds. These to tell the truth
ss are the'alternatjve histories', which are envisaged as
jn some sense lying 'a[ongside' our version of reality. v Read the Learn this! box. Find four ofthe [inl<ers in the text
According to the theory, each of these para[[eI worlds is and then match a[[ five [inl<ers with their uses.
just as real as our own, and there js an alternative history
1 used when admitting something
for every possible outcome of every decision ever made.
2 used to show a contrast between the truth and what the
so Alternative histories branch out from decision points,
other person believes
bifurcating endless[y [ike the branches and twigs of an
'infinite tree, Bizarre though it sounds, this idea is taken 3 used for talking about a fact that some peopte do not
accept or may not Iil<e to hear
seriously by a handful of scjentists. And it certain[y fixes
4 used to give extra detaits about something
a[ the time travel paradoxes. According to the theory of
5 used to add a comment, of interest to the other person
os paratte[ worlds, if you go back in time and prevent your
own bjrth it doesn't matter, because by that decision you EE VOCneULARY BUTLDER 7.7: LlNKIRS (2):
create a new branch of reality, in which you were never WORKBOOK PAGE lTO K
born. When you go forward in time, you move up the new I
branch and find that you never did exist, in that reality; , .l#ffill"ft Worl< in pairs. Discuss the questions.
roo but since you were born and buitt your time machine in 1 lf you coutd travel back in time, when and where would
the reatity next door, there is no paradox. Hard to betieve? you traveI to? Give reasons.
Certain[y. Counter to common sense? 0f course. But the 2 How might it change your view of the wortd?
plain fact is that a[[ of this bizarre behaviour is at the 3 Would you try to change anything in the past? What?
very least permitted by the laws of physics, and in some whv?
105 cases required by those [aws. ] wonder what H. G. Wetts
woutd have made of it a[t.

Unit7 " Journeys :/J