Page 258 - fourth year book

DIABETES MELLITUS

Introduction:

Diabetes mellitus is the global epidemic of the 21st century. It is
currently represents one of the most challenging public health problems

worldwide.

 Diabetes is a complex, chronic, non-communicable disease
requiring continuous medical care with multifactorial risk-

reduction strategies beyond glycemic control.

Global and national burden of the disease:

 About 463 million adults 20-79 years have diabetes worldwide,
according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2019. By

2045 this will rise to 700 million.

 While, there were nearly 8,850,400 million cases of diabetes in

adult (Egypt, 2020). With prevalence rate 15.2%.

Definition of Diabetes Mellitus:

 Diabetes is a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by elevated
levels of blood glucose (or blood sugar), which leads over time to
serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and

nerves.

 Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by the
presence of hyperglycemia due to defective insulin secretion,
defective insulin action or both.

Classification:

Diabetes can be classified into the following general categories (See Table 1 ):

1. Type 1 Diabetes (due to the immune destruction of b-cell, usually
leading to absolute insulin deficiency).

 Risk Factors:

a) Genetic predisposition

b) Environmental triggers (infection or other stress).

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