Page 259 - fourth year book

DIABETES MELLITUS

 Approximately 10% of the diabetic patients have Type 1.

2. Type 2 Diabetes (Caused by insulin resistance in the liver and
skeletal muscle, increased glucose production in the liver, over

production of free fatty acids by fat cells and relative insulin
deficiency).

 Risk Factors:

a) Obesity.

b) Age (onset of puberty is associated with increased insulin

resistance).

c) Lack of physical activity.

d) Genetic predisposition.

e) Other health problems – high blood pressure and high cholesterol

f) Ethnicity.

g) Prior history of gestational diabetes.

h) Conditions associated with insulin resistance, (e.g., polycystic

ovary syndrome).

 Approximately 90% of the diabetic patients have Type 2 .

3. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) (diabetes diagnosed in the
second or third trimester of pregnancy that is not clearly overt
diabetes)

4. Specific types of Diabetes due to other causes, e.g., monogenic

diabetes syndromes (such as neonatal diabetes and maturity-onset
diabetes of the young , diseases of the exocrine pancreas (such as
cystic fibrosis), and drug- or chemical-induced diabetes (such as in the

treatment of HIV/AIDS or after organ transplantation)

Note:

Pre Diabetes: is when blood glucose levels are higher than normal
but not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes. It is important to note

that Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and Impaired Glucose Tolerance
(IGT) are now termed pre diabetes and are considered risk factors for the
potential onset of diabetes. (See Table 2).

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