Page 105 - Life Insurance underwriting Ebook IC 22

I) Carcinoma of esophagus

Majority of cancers of the esophagus are squamous cell cancers.
Predisposing factors include chronic gastritis or exposure to other
chronic irritants it is detected by symptoms of dysphasia.

I) Carcinoma of stomach

Carcinoma of stomach is of various types the most common types
Include adenocarcinoma, carcinoid and gastrointestinal stromal tumors
etc.

II) Carcinoma colon and rectum

These cancers usually are adenocarcinomas (adeno - type of cell found in
the intestine).Risk factors include individuals > 50 years of age.

Underwriting Tumors' of GI Tract:

✓the staging, grading, and histopathology (biopsyote) of the tumor
✓details of investigations and treatment done on (surgery, chemotherapy or
radiotherapy)
✓an residuals or recurrence
✓current medical condition

e) Gall bladder - The common gallbladder disorders include:

II) Cholelithiasis

Gall stones may be seen in gallbladder or the bile duct. They may be
asymptomatic and incidentally diagnosed or they may cause abdominal
pain and arce diagnosed on USG.

III) Cholecystitis

It may he acute or chronic and may recur multiple times. If recurrent
especially in diabetics, the patient may need to undergo surgery.

f) Liver Function Tests

LfTs are commonly done blood test in insurance medicine. Some enzymes
(these are released by the liver cells) tested include:

✓ ALT - alanine aminotransferase (also known as SGPT)
✓ AST - aspartate amino transferase (also known as SGOT)
✓ GGT - gamma glutamvl amino transferase
✓ ALP - alkaline phosphatase

Other tests like S. Bilirubin (blood waste product which is cleared by the liver)
and S. Albumin or prothrombin time (which assess blood clotting status - as

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