Page 404 - Ranah Studi Agraria: Penguasaan Tanah dan Hubungan Agraris

Agrarian and Nonagrarian Bases ...

the landless and very small landowning groups (with less than
0.15 ha of sawah) do we find a generally negative relationship
between agricultural and nonfarm incomes at the household
level (Abunawan Mintoro 1984:168-170), indicating that for

these groups it is the inadequacy of agricultural-sector in-
comes which propels their members into nonfarm activities
as a survival strategy.
For the middle and larger landowning groups, on the other
hand, agricultural and nonfarm incomes are positively asso-
ciated (ibid.)—suggesting that in this case we are dealing with
a more dynamic strategy of accumulation, in which surpluses
derived from one activity are used to gain access to (and higher
incomes in) the other. In Table 7.13 we provide some details
for each village on the agricultural and nonfarm income
sources of the small numbers of households owning more than
1.0 ha of sawah, who (as already seen in Table 7.11) have been
the major beneficiaries of state-subsidized agricultural pro-
ductivity growth by virtue of their control of more than half
the land. Any reader who has tried to gather information on
the incomes of rural elites through surveys will understand
that many income sources are likely to be underestimated,
and the small sample sizes (between 6 and 10 in each sample

neighborhood) may introduce further distortion; neverthe-
less this table provides a rough idea of the relative importance
of different income sources for members of these prosperous
‘commercial farmer’ households. Land rent is of importance
in only a few villages (Rowosari, Mariuk, and Wanarata). In
Geneng and Janti, reorganization of sugarcane cultivation,
while intended to replace land rental (to the sugar factories)

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