Page 544 - Wordsmith A Guide to College Writing

Skybo and Buck (2007) found that children’s anxiety about
proficiency testing and their use of coping strategies actually

decreased over the course of the school year.

One study found that children’s anxiety about proficiency testing

and their use of coping strategies actually decreased over the

course of the school year (Skybo & Buck, 2007).

A Work by Three or More Authors.

When a reference forms an essential part of a sentence, the first

reference within the text to three, four, or five authors should cite all

authors by last name.

Example

Budnitz, Shelab, Kegler, and Richards (2007) attribute 90
percent of emergency room visits by older adults for adverse drug

reactions to three classes of drugs: antidiabetic drugs, oral

anticoagulants, and narrow therapeutic index drugs.

Later citations within the text would be in the form “Budnitz et al.

(2007)” for the first mention in a paragraph, and “Budnitz et al.” for
subsequent references within the same paragraph. Note that the

abbreviation “et al.” (meaning “and others”) is not italicized and that a

period is placed after “al.” Parenthetical references to a work by more

than three authors should include the lead author’s name and the

abbreviation “et al.”