Page 325 - Project+

informed. The person accountable is also an approver of the work.

15. A, B. Whenever a new team member is introduced, the team development stage
reverts to the forming stage and progresses through all the stages once again with
the new team member.

16. B, C, E. Personality clashes and staff changes are situations where team-building
activities can assist in solving problems. Organizational changes require immediate
communication from the project manager. As a rule, most people are generally

sensitive to change and are asking, “What does this mean for me?” This has a
tendency to disrupt working patterns and decrease efficiencies, and it requires that
you act as a change agent—getting people through the change while continuing the
work of your project. Additionally, it’s quite possible that an organizational change
may directly affect your project, in which case you, too, need to ask, “What does this
mean for the project?”

17. E. The WBS is too detailed to review at a project kickoff meeting and is better

handled during a meeting with project team members only.

18. D. Smoothing is a lose-lose technique, forcing is win-lose, confronting is win-win,
and avoiding is lose-lose.

19. B. Benched resources are costly to an organization. These are resources who are not
currently assigned to project tasks and are typically between projects. This
generally occurs in a projectized organization.

20. C. An organization breakdown structure shows work by the department or work
unit responsible for completing the work packages. A resource breakdown structure

shows the types of resources needed and the work packages. A project organization
chart shows the hierarchy of the project team members, and an organizational
chart shows the hierarchy of the reporting structure within an organization.

Chapter 7: Defining the Project Budget and Risk Plans

1. C, F. The labor is $75/hour times 10 trees is $750. This is the parametric method of

estimating because you are multiplying the quantity times the rate. Analogous
estimating involves using estimates from similar projects, and three-point
estimates use the average of three estimates.

2. B. Top-down estimating is another name for analogous estimating.

3. B. A work effort estimate or person-hour estimate is used to develop the cost
estimates. This is the amount of time it will take to complete the task from

beginning to end without accounting for work breaks, holidays, and so on. Duration
estimates account for holidays, work breaks, and so on. Bottom-up estimates are
estimates for individual components of work that are rolled up into the overall
estimate, and parametric estimates are usually derived by multiplying quantity by
rate.

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