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algebraic sum. With K  and K  into consideration, the equation for the
                                                    p
                                           d
               induced EMF is

                                       E = 4.44 ϕf T K  K  V                 (10.2)
                                                          d
                                                              p

                  The factor K  is used in the EMF equation due to the use of winding being
                                  d
               distributed rather than concentrated in two slots. The factor K  is due to the
                                                                                         p
               use of short-pitch coils rather than full-pitch coils.

                  The values of K  and K  are derived as follows.
                                      d
                                               p

                                               10.8.2 Distribution Factor

               Distribution factor is defined as the ratio of the EMF induced in the

               distributed winding in a phase to the EMF induced in a concentrated winding.
               In Fig. 10.7, the stator with a number of slots have been shown. The

               conductors are placed in the slots. The EMFs induced in the conductors are
               e , e , e , etc. These EMFs are to be added vectorially as shown in Fig. 10.7.
                     2
                         3
                 1
                  Let α be the angle between two slots.
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