Page 138 - Essentials of Human Communication

Some Nonverbal Communication Skills 117

2. I use body and gesture messages to help commu- 9. I vary paralinguistic features (e.g., rate, emphasis,
nicate my desired meanings, and I recognize these pauses, tempo, volume) to communicate my
messages in others. intended meanings.
3. I use my eyes to seek feedback, to inform others to 10. I use silence to communicate varied meanings (e.g.,
speak, to signal the nature of my relationship with for example, disappointment or the need for time to
others, and to compensate for physical distance. think), and I examine the silence of others for mean-
4. I give others the space they need: for example, ings just as I would eye movements or body gestures.
I give extra space to those who are angry or 11. I interpret time cues with an awareness of the cul-
disturbed. tural perspective of the person with whom I am
5. I am sensitive to the markers (i.e., central, bound- interacting.
ary, and earmarkers) of others and use these 12. I balance my time orientation and don’t ignore the
markers to define my own territories. past, present, or future.
6. I use artifacts thoughtfully to communicate 13. In decoding nonverbal messages, I draw conclu-
desired messages. sions tentatively, consider alternative judgments,
7. I am sensitive to the touching behaviors of others take into consideration the varied nonverbal
and distinguish among touches that communicate channels, consider the possibility of being incor-
positive emotion, playfulness, control, and ritual rect, interpret the judgments in a cultural context,
or task-related messages. and consider influences from other factors.
8. I recognize and respect each person’s touch-avoidance 14. In encoding my own nonverbal messages, I aim for
tendency. I am especially sensitive to cultural and consistency between verbal and nonverbal messages,
gender differences in touching preferences and in monitor my nonverbal messages, avoid extremes,
touch-avoidance tendencies. and take the situation into consideration.

key Word Quiz

the language of Nonverbal Messages 3. Strategies that enable you to express feelings nonverbally
so as to achieve your desired purpose.
Match the terms about nonverbal messages with their defini- 4. Eye movements that respect another’s privacy and avoid
tions. Record the number of the definition next to the appro- looking at something that might cause embarrassment.
priate term. 5. The assumption that your facial expressions influence the
a. facial feedback hypothesis (100) way you feel.
b. artifactual communication (104) 6. Items you place in a territory to reserve it for yourself or
c. civil inattention (101) someone else.
d. secondary territory (103) 7. The study of touch communication.
e. adaptors (98) 8. The vocal but nonverbal dimension of speech; includes,
f. paralanguage (108) for example, vocal volume and stress.
g. facial management techniques (100) 9. Messages that are communicated through objects and
their arrangements.
h. haptics (107) 10. An area that doesn’t belong to you but that you have
i. central markers (103) occupied and with which you’re associated.
j. emblems (97) These ten terms and additional terms used in this chapter
1. Body gestures that directly translate into words or phrases. can be found in the glossary.
2. Gestures that satisfy some personal need, such as
scratching. Answers: a. 5 b. 9 c. 4 d. 10 e. 2 f. 8 g. 3 h. 7 i. 6 j. 1

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