Page 560 - Essencials of Sociology

Subject Index

A voting rights of/voting by, 278, 340, religious treatment of, 106, 429 rational-legal, 334, 335
342 socialization of, 70 traditional, 334, 335
Abkhasian people, 317 women, specifically, 239, 306, 315 super-rich spending on, 225 transfer of, 335
Aborigines of Australia, 481 work and workplace issues among, Anomie, 169, 229 Automobiles/automotive industry, 171,
Abortion, 451, 453 279–80 Anticipatory socialization, 88 483, 484–86, 494. See also Road rage
Abstract thinking, 73–74 AFRICOM (African Command), 478 Anti-Malthusians, 442–43, 445 Axes, social change through, 481
Achieved status, 102, 197 Age and aging, 316–28. See also Anti-Semitism, 67, 133, 262, 264–66, Aztec people, 422
Acid rain, 492 Children and adolescents; Elderly 269, 363
Activity theory, on age and aging, 324 adults Apartheid, 195, 257, 270
Adolescents. See Children and activity theory on, 324 Apathy, voter, 340 B
adolescents age cohorts, 323 Applied network analysis, 135 Background assumptions
Adoption, 387–88 childbirth-related, 389 Applied sociology, 12, 34, 135 cultural, 39–41
Adultolescence, 92, 381 conflict theory on, 325–28 Arabs deviance as violation of, 161
Adults
continuity theory on, 324–25 Arab uprisings, 476, 477 ethnomethodology uncovering,
adult education for, 405 criminal justice system involvement in culture among, 45 119–20
middle years of, 92 relation to, 177, 178 emotional expression among, 77 religious, 430, 434
older years of, 93 (see also Elderly cultural values related to, 57, 323 immigrants, 272 social interaction influenced by,
adults) discrimination and prejudice based religion among, 431, 432 119–20
transitional adulthood of, 92, 381 on, 260, 316–28 women, specifically, 61 Bangladesh
Advertising disengagement theory on, 324 Architecture, 468, 484–85 economy of, 361
aging and elderly portrayal in, 323 familial elder care during, 92, 390, Argentina, education in, 412 gender in, 300
body image influenced by, 118 446 Aryans, 54, 254, 260, 451 Bank of America, 172
gender messages in, 82 functionalism on, 323–25 Asch experiment, 151–52 Beauty, standards of, 42, 44, 113. See
propaganda as, 354, 363 future trends in views of, 328 Ascribed status, 102, 193, 197 also Physical appearance
regulation of, 353 geographic distribution by, 319, 322 ASEAN (Association of South East Belgium, colonialism by, 211
wealth displayed in, 221 global perspectives on, 316–20 Asian Nations), 363 Beliefs. See Values and beliefs
Affirmative action, 285–87, 307 graying of America, 319–20 Asia. See also specific countries Belize, cities and urban areas in, 460
Afghanistan, economy of, 351 health issues related to, 93, 327, 481 ASEAN in, 363 Bias. See also Discrimination and prejudice
Africa. See also specific countries income changes due to, 326–28 cities and urban areas in, 455 crime statistics, 184
Arab uprisings in, 476, 477 industrialization impacting, 317–18, culture in, 43 cultural, 412
cities and urban areas in, 455 320–21 population in, 449 death penalty and, 180–82
colonialism in, 211 inequalities based on, 316–28 slavery in, 193 “designer baby,” 379
culture in, 38–39 labels based on, 291 Asian Americans gender, 30, 180, 181, 305, 379, 414
ethnic conflicts in, 478 life course and, 90–93, 351, 381 census statistics on, 271–72, 280, 286 racial-ethnic, 180, 263, 264, 265,
gender in, 301 marital, 93, 388–89 criminal justice system involvement 379, 414
politics and government in, 338, 478 mass media portrayal of, 322–23 of, 181 research, 25, 26, 30, 32, 150
population and food supply in, 443, master status of, 102 discrimination and prejudice against, social class, 180, 412
445, 446, 449 politics in relation to, 340, 341 281 teacher expectation, 414
pygmies from, 268 population growth impacted by, education of, 276, 281, 306, 414 Big Brother, 144, 204, 332
slavery in/slaves from, 192, 193 448–49 income of, 276, 279, 281 Bioengineered food, 443–44
African Americans shifting meanings of growing old, marriage and families among, 281, Biology
census statistics on, 271–72, 286 320–22 383–84, 392 biological sex vs. gender, 291–96
civil rights movement among, 143, stereotypes based on, 323, 328 politics among, 281, 282, 315, 340, biology and economics in biotech
260, 277, 278, 421, 422 symbolic interactionism on, 320–23 342 societies, 350
criminal justice system involvement work and workplace issues related to, poverty among, 242, 243–44, 245, nature vs. nurture debate on, 66, 67
of, 177, 178, 180–82 317, 323–25, 326 276, 281 sociobiology theory on, 59–60
discrimination and prejudice against, youthfulness vs., 57 racial and ethnic issues among (see Birth control, 448, 451
193, 195, 264, 270, 277–80 Aggregates, 130, 131 Race-ethnicity) Birth rate. See also Childbirth;
education of, 8–9, 10, 276, 278, 279, Agile Development software, 399 self-labeling among, 50 Reproduction
306, 382, 413 Agrarian/agricultural society, 191, 297, U.S. racial relations with, 271–72, crude, 449
health and medicine among, 264 349, 475 280–82 demographic transition of, 442–43
home mortgage access of, 263–64 Albania, culture and gender in, 80 women, specifically, 306, 315 fertility rates and, 449
income of, 276, 279 Alcoholics Anonymous, 88 work and workplace issues among, functionalism on, 16
marriage and family among, 369, Alcohol use. See Substance use/abuse 281 global, 441–43, 446
376, 382, 383, 391, 392 Alienation WW II internment of, 269, 270, 281 industrialization impacting, 452
migration of, 449 bureaucratic, 141–42 Assembly of God, 431 Least Industrialized Nations’, 210,
politics among, 278, 279, 315, 340, political, 340 Assimilation, 86, 269, 270, 272–73, 442–43, 446–48
342 urban, 464–66 281, 382–84 population growth and, 442–43,
poverty among, 242, 243–44, 245, work-related, 483 Athletics. See Sports 446–48, 448–49
276, 279, 382 al-Qaeda, 133, 346, 480 Attention-deficit disorder (ADD), 185 poverty in relation to, 245, 439
racial and ethnic issues among (see American Civil Liberties Union, 11, 169 Australia Blaming the victim, 196, 215, 246, 248
Race-ethnicity) American Dream, 238, 239 Aborigines of, 481 Blended families, 385, 387, 395
religion among, 84, 431–32 American Express, 141 culture in, 61 Bloods, the, 129, 133
research among, 28, 253 American Indians. See Native Americans Most Industrialized Nation status Bloomingdales, 171
segregation of, 193, 195, 269, 270, American Journal of Sociology, 8 of, 206 Blue-collar workers, 83. See also
277–78 American Revolution, 4, 336, 337 social change in, 481 Working class
self-labeling among, 50 American Sociological Association, 11, Austria Body image, 81, 117, 118
sexual violence against, 196 12, 497 group dynamics in, 147–49 Body language, 114–15. See also
slavery among, 193, 240 Amish people, 109, 481 social structure in, 110–11 Nonverbal communication
social class among, 222, 239, 240, Anarchy, 170, 343 Authoritarian leaders, 149, 150, 151 Bonded labor, 192, 193
279–80, 461 Angola, culture in, 44 Authoritarian personality, 265 Bosnia, race-ethnicity in, 269, 478
social mobility of, 239, 240, 279–80 Animals Authority. See also Leadership; Power Bourgeoisie, 5, 18, 198, 228, 230
social networks among, 137 automobiles vs. horses, 484 elite Branch Davidians, 432
sociologists among, 8–11 biofood research on, 444 bureaucratic, 334 Brazil
suburban, 460, 462 children reared by, 68 charismatic, 334–35, 428–29 cities and urban areas in, 465
suicide among, 7 cultural influences on treatment of, familial, 334, 369, 371 environmental issues in, 495, 498
urban, 460, 461 41–42, 43 group-based, 152–53 gender in, 293
U.S. racial relations with, 271–72, environmental impacts on, 490, 492, legitimate vs. illegitimate, 333 race-ethnicity in, 256
277–80 494, 496–97, 498 power, violence and, 332–35 social stratification in, 209–10

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