Page 563 - Essencials of Sociology

S-4 SUBJECT INDEX

Discrimination (continued) 352–53, 354–55, 356–64, 406–7, marriage among people of similar symbolic interactionism on, 320–23
gender-based, 8, 9, 55, 133, 291– 426–27, 469, 475–76, 483, 490 education level, 374, 376, 382 urban, 467
316, 323 conspicuous consumption in, 350, mediocrity in, 415–17 women, specifically, 316–17, 323
genocide as extreme form of, 254, 483 Most Industrialized Nations’, 406 work and workplace issues among,
267–69, 283, 478 culture influenced by, 57, 62 online or Internet-based, 411, 418, 317, 323–25, 326
group dynamics and structure leading economic-political units, 362–64 486–87 Elections, political, 338–40. See also
to, 133 economy, defined, 349 parochial schools for, 416 Voting
institutional, 263–64 education impacted by, 406–7 politics in relation to, 340, 341, El Tiro, 454, 456–57, 464
labels creating, 267, 269 environmental issues vs. growth of, 406–7, 408–9 Emigrants, 449. See also Immigrants
learning prejudice, 260–63 361, 490–98 poverty relationship to, 242, 244, Emotions
prejudice, defined, 260 free trade in, 357 245 divorce leading to emotional prob-
racial-ethnic, 8–11, 13, 55, 193, 195, future trends in, 362–64 problems in U.S., 403, 415–18 lems, 391, 394
240, 254, 257, 258, 260–67, 267– G7/G8 influence on, 477–78, 480 public vs. private schools in, 235, 412 expression of, 76–77
70, 277–80, 281, 282–84, 477–78 globalization of, 34, 62, 106, 214, racial-ethnic issues in, 8–9, 10, 86, familial emotional overload, 371
religious, 67, 133, 262, 264–66, 348–49, 356–64, 469, 490 261, 270, 275, 276, 278, 279, gender differences in, 77
269, 363 immigrants impacting, 450–51 281, 282, 283, 285–87, 306, 382, gestures representing, 46
scapegoats in, 265, 266 income and wealth impacted by, 356, 413, 414 global, 76
segregation as, 193–95, 270, 277–78 357, 360–62 religious influences on, 411, 416 religion providing emotional support,
sexual orientation-based, 296, 313, industrial society’s, 349–50 research on, 413–14 420, 421
387 market forces in, 353, 354 SATs in, 406, 415–16 socialization influencing, 76–78
stereotypes as (see Stereotypes) new world order of, 362–64 sex education in, 410 Employment. See Work and workplace
symbolic interactionism on, 267 photo essay on, 358–59 social class relationship to, 85, 100, Endogamy, 193, 369
theories of, 264–67 postindustrial society’s, 233, 350 198, 205, 227, 231–33, 235–36, England. See Great Britain
unintentional, 264 preindustrial society’s, 349 406, 410, 412–14 Enterprise zones, 470
Disengagement theory, on age and racial-ethnic discrimination influenced social institution of, 104, 105 Entertainment. See Leisure and enter-
aging, 324 by, 262, 263–64, 264–65, 266 social integration through, 408–9 tainment
Diversity religion relationship to, 7–8, 426–27, socialization through, 74, 84–85, 86, Environmental issues, 490–98
cultural, 13, 40, 42, 43, 48, 50, 80, 475–76, 483 88, 92, 105 acid rain as, 492
86, 109, 137, 160, 176, 196, 240, social class influenced by, 198, 228, social placement through, 409–10 cultural values related to, 57
255, 275, 286, 301, 351, 356, 230–31, 233, 237 social promotion from one to the droughts as, 444
375, 429, 453, 465, 495 social institution of, 104, 105, 106 next in, 416 economic growth vs., 361, 490–98
familial, 381–88 socialist, 205–6, 352, 353–55 social stratification in, 194, 195 eco-sabotage and, 496–97
Native American, 282 social stratification influenced by, sociology majors in, 501–2 energy shortage as, 494
religious, 432, 433 198–99, 202, 205–6, 214, 216–17, student standards in, 416–17 environmental movement on, 494,
workplace, 143–44 218, 363 symbolic interactionism on, 413–14 496–97
Divine right of kings, 203, 426 transformation of economic systems, teacher expectations in, 413–14, 417 environmental sociology studying,
Division of labor 349–52 teacher qualifications in, 416 497
bureaucratic, 136, 138 unemployment due to, 179, 266 technology/computers impacting, fossil fuels and global warming as,
economic systems fostering, 349 world economic systems, 352–56 411, 418, 486–87 492–93, 494
gendered, 373–74 Ecuador, culture in, 44 tracking in, 409–10, 413–14 globalization impacting, 361, 490
social isolation from, 6 Edge cities, 460 values transmitted through, 408 hazardous/toxic wastes as, 491–92
social structure including, 107 Education, 403–18 violence in schools, 418, 419 industrialization impacting, 491–94,
Divorce adult, 405 workplace requirements for, 403–4, 498
children impacted by, 388, 391, affirmative action in, 285–87, 307 409 natural disasters as, 123–24
394–95 Amish, 109 Ego, 74–75 rain forests as, 494, 495
conflict theory on, 18 bureaucracies in, 136, 137, 139, 140 Egypt sustainability as, 490
ex-spousal relations after, 395 cheating in, 417–18 cities and urban areas in, 455 technological harmony with, 498
father’s contact with children after, colleges for (see Colleges) education in, 407–8 Equality, cultural value of, 55
395 conflict theory on, 410–13 gender in, 301 Estate stratification system, 195–97
functionalism on, 16–17 cram schools for, 406 religion in, 426 Ethics. See also Morality
geographic distribution of, 392 credentials associated with, 403 Elderly adults, 316–28. See also Age Protestant, 7–8, 427, 476
grandchildren impacted by, 395 criminal justice system involvement in and aging research, 27, 30, 32–33, 153, 253
interracial/interethnic marriages end- relation to, 178 activity theory on, 324 Ethiopia
ing in, 391 cultural influences on, 55, 61, 406–8, age-based inequalities for, 316–28 culture in, 60
meaning of, 15 412 conflict theory on, 325–28 gender in, 293
measurement rates of, 14, 390–91, economic impacts on, 406–7 continuity theory on, 324–25 life expectancy in, 190
392, 398 educational achievement statistics, death facing, 93 (see also Death and race-ethnicity in, 258
perpetuation of, 394 404 dying) social stratification in, 190, 191
remarriage after, 385, 387, 395 educational reform, need for, 418 disengagement theory on, 324 Ethnicity. See Race-ethnicity
risk factors for, 393 family functions replaced by, 410 familial care of, 92, 390, 446 Ethnocentrism, 40–41, 43
social class relationship to, 235 functionalism on, 408–10 functionalism on, 323–25 Ethnomethodology, 119–20
symbolic interactionism on, 13–15, funding/payment for, 405, 407, 412 future trends in views of, 328 Europe. See also specific countries
398 gatekeeping through, 409–10 geographic distribution of, 318, 319, cities and urban areas in, 455, 464
technology impacting, 484 gender inequalities in, 8, 9, 197, 322 elderly adults in, 318
“Dogging,” 176 285–87, 303, 305–8, 309–10, 414 global perspectives on, 316–20 European Central Bank, 363
Domestic violence, 21, 22–30, 314, global perspectives on, 403–8 graying of America with, 319–20 European Union in, 363
396–97 grade inflation in, 416 health issues among, 93, 327, 481 gender in, 300
Dramatury approach, to social interac- hidden curriculum in, 410 income of, 326–28 population in, 439, 442, 443, 449
tion, 115–19 home schooling, 403, 411 industrialization impacting, 317–18, religion in, 434
Droughts, 444 immigrants’, 86, 404, 409 320–21 European Americans, 271, 272–73. See
Drug use. See Substance use/abuse income relationship to, 201, 309–10, life expectancy of (see Life expectancy) also Whites and White Americans
Duke University, 418 406 mass media portrayal of, 322–23 Evolutionary psychology, 59–60
Dyads, 146, 147 industrialization impacting, 91, 403, older years of, 93 Evolutionary theories, on social change,
404, 406 politics among, 340, 341 479
Industrializing Nations’, 406–7 poverty among, 242, 244, 326–28, Exchange mobility, 237
E
intelligence testing in, 412 467 Exogamy, 369, 371
Earth First!, 496–97 knowledge and skills development sandwich generation caring for, 92, Experiments. See also Research
Eating disorders, 118 through, 408 390 Asch, 151–52
Ecclesia, 428, 430 labels on children’s abilities in, sexuality among, 93 group-based, 135–36, 147–49,
Economy and economics, 349–64. See 413–14 shifting meanings of growing old, 151–53
also Work and workplace language in, 410 320–22 Milgram, 135–36, 152–53
biotech society’s, 350 Least Industrialized Nations’, 407–8 social isolation of, 93 research design as, 29–30
capitalist, 7–8, 34, 62, 175, 198–99, literacy and, 197, 278, 408, 416 Social Security for, 325–26 Skeels/Dye, 68–69
202, 206, 214, 217, 228, 230–31, mandatory education laws on, 404 stereotypes of, 323, 328 socialization, 68–69, 70, 73