Page 566 - Essencials of Sociology

SUBJECT INDEX S-7

Industrialization politics and government impacted L Voting Rights Act (1965), 278
aging impacted by, 317–18, 320–21 by, 338 Labels Leadership. See also Authority; Power
cities and urban area development religious marketing via, 434 age-based, 291 elite
impacted by, 455 rural lifestyle impacted by, 462 authoritarian, 149, 150, 151
deindustrialization, 469 speed of communication through, 3 deviance-related, 164, 166–68 characteristics of leader, 149
economic impact of, 349–50 Interracial/interethnic marriages, 195, discrimination and prejudice influ- charismatic, 334–35, 428–29
education impacted by, 91, 403, 404, 255, 270, 281, 369, 376, 391 enced by, 267, 269 democratic, 149, 150, 151
406 Invasion-succession cycle, 461, 464 educational, 413–14 expressive, 149
environmental issues caused by, Invention, social change through, 480, embracing, 166 group, 132–33, 146–47, 149–51
491–94, 498 481 gender-based, 291 instrumental, 149
global stratification based on, 206–10 Iran labeling theory, 164, 166–68 laissez-faire, 149, 150, 151
(see also Industrializing Nations; cities and urban areas in, 455 power of, 166–68 political, 106, 132–33, 332–35
Least Industrialized Nations; Most military power of, 480, 487–88 racial-ethnic, 50, 267, 269 racist, 262
Industrialized Nations) Iraq self-labeling, 50 rational-legal, 334
life course changes due to, 91, 93 cities and urban areas in, 455 Labor. See Work and workplace styles of, 149–51
marriage and family impacted by, Iraq War in, 62 Laissez-faire capitalism, 352 traditional, 334
16–17, 369 social stratification in, 204 Laissez-faire leaders, 149, 150, 151 types of leaders, 149
origins of sociology impacted by, 4 Ireland, deviance and crime in, 163 Language Least Industrialized Nations. See also
population and birth rate impacted Iron law of oligarchy, 132–33 body, 114–15 (see also Nonverbal specific nations
by, 452 Isabelle (social isolation case example), communication) child labor in, 91, 446–47
social change through, 475–77, 66, 68 cultural influences on, 46–49, 54, 60, children in, 91, 446–47
483–84 “I,” self as, 72 68, 86 cities and urban areas in, 455, 456–
Industrializing Nations. See also specific Islam. See Muslims and Islam education about, 410 57, 458, 464, 465, 476
nations Isolation. See Social isolation global stratification terminology, 206 colonialism/neocolonialism in, 211,
children in, 209–10 Israel immigrants’, 48, 86, 272 216, 269
cities and urban areas in, 455 McDonald’s in, 140 labeling and terminology in, 50 (see culture in, 215
economies of, 490 race-ethnicity in, 260 also Labels) economies of, 349, 361, 490
education in, 406–7 religion in, 434 race-ethnicity and, 48, 49, 50, 86, education in, 407–8
environmental issues in, 491–92 Italy. See also Roman Empire 258, 270, 271, 272, 273–74, environmental issues in, 493, 497,
globalization impacting, 490 cities and urban areas in, 455 274–76, 282, 382–83 500
global stratification by, 206, 207, culture in, 43, 45–46 Sapir-Whorf hypothesis on, 48–49 gender inequality in, 304, 447
209–10, 211 elderly adults in, 318 social class relationship to, 205, 410 globalization impacting, 360, 361
income and poverty in, 207, 209–10 G7/G8 participation of, 477 socialization impacting, 68, 70, 86 global stratification by, 206, 207–8,
land in, 206, 209 religion in, 434 Latent functions, 16, 85, 408 210, 211, 212–13, 215, 216–17
map of, 207 Ivory Coast, slavery in, 193 Latin America. See also specific countries income in, 207–8
natural resources in, 211 cities and urban areas in, 455, 465 land in, 206
population in, 206, 209 politics and government in, 338 marketplaces in, 349
terminology of, 206, 210 J population in, 447 migration from, 450
Industrial Revolution Japan Latinos multinational corporations in,
child labor in, 197 cities and urban areas in, 458 census statistics on, 271–72, 274, 216–17
cities and urban areas development culture in, 43, 62 286 map of, 207–8
in, 455 economy in, 62, 427 criminal justice system involvement neocolonialism in, 216
economic impact of, 349–50 education in, 406 of, 177, 178, 181 photo essay of, 212–13, 456–57
origins of sociology in, 4 elderly adults in, 317–18, 328 culture among, 48, 86 population in, 206, 210, 442–43,
postindustrial (see Postindustrial era/ emotional expression in, 77 education of, 86, 276, 306, 413 446–48, 450, 476
postindustrialism) environmental issues in, 491, 497 geographic distribution of, 274 poverty in, 207–8, 210, 212–13, 215,
social change through, 475–77, G7/G8 participation of, 477 health and medicine among, 264 456–57, 464, 465, 489
483–84 Most Industrialized Nation status of, home mortgage access of, 263–64 power of, 480
social stratification in, 197, 198 206, 211, 216 income of, 276, 279 resources in, 210, 211, 480
Inequality. See Social inequality religion in, 426 language among, 48, 86, 274–76, technology in, 217, 276, 489
Infanticide, 452, 453 Japanese Americans, 269, 270, 280, 382–83 terminology of, 206, 210
In-groups, 133, 137 281, 384. See also Asian Americans marriage and families among, 382–83, United Nations work in, 448
Inheritance, 196, 369 Jehovah’s Witnesses, 431, 433 391, 392 Leisure and entertainment
Innovation, deviant path of, 170 Jews and Judaism politics among, 276–77, 315, 340, cultural values related to, 56
Institutions anti-Semitism against, 67, 133, 262, 342 segregation in, 195, 270
children in, 68–70 264–66, 269, 363 poverty among, 242, 243–44, 245, social class of entertainers, 232
institutional discrimination, 263–64 demographics of, 431 276 social stratification in, 195
institutionalized means to reach cul- ethnicity of, 256–57, 258 racial and ethnic issues among (see sport-related (see Sports)
tural goals, 169–70 language among, 49 Race-ethnicity) super-rich spending on, 225
social, 104–6 (see also specific institu- online marketing by, 434 religion among, 429 Lesbians and gays. See Homosexuals and
tions) religious affiliation with, 433 self-labeling among, 50 homosexuality
socialization/resocialization in, religious beliefs of, 423 socialization among, 86 Liberia, politics and government in,
68–70, 88–89 religious rituals of, 423 U.S. racial relations with, 271–72, 478
total, 88–89 (see also specific institu- religious symbols of, 423 273–77 Libya, colonialism in, 211
tions) Jim Crow laws, 277–78 women, specifically, 306, 315 Life course
Instrumental leaders, 149 Jordan, gender in, 293, 300 Latvia, population in, 449 adolescence in, 91–92
Insurance, health, 234 Juvenile delinquency, 161, 166–68 Lau v. Nichols (1974), 275 childhood in, 90–91, 351
Intelligence Laws. See also Criminal justice system; middle years in, 92
IQ tests of, 412 Social control older years in, 93
socialization impacting, 68–69 K Chinese Exclusion Act (1882), 281 socialization through, 90–93
Intergenerational mobility, 237 Kayapo Indians, 495 Civil Rights Act (1964), 278 sociological perspective on, 93
Internal colonialism, 269–70 Kenya Civil Rights Act (1968), 278 transitional adulthood in, 92, 381
International Monetary Fund, 363 culture in, 44 education-related, 404 Life cycle, familial, 374–81
Internet gender in, 293 Foreign Miners Act (1850), 281 Life expectancy
access to, 203 sexual attitudes and practices in, 160 Immigration Reform and Control Act aging and elderly adult, 317, 318–19,
cultural influences of, 60–61, 62 social change in, 481 (1986), 274 321
cyberslacking via, 145 Kiribati, 493 Jim Crow, 277–78 global perspectives on, 321
cybersleuthing via, 145 Korea, immigrants from, 280 Naturalization Act (1790), 273 global stratification and differences
dating via, 370 Kosovo, race-ethnicity in, 269, 478 rational-legal authority based on, in, 190
education via, 411, 418, 486–87 Ku Klux Klan, 134, 260, 261–62 334, 335 industrial era changes in, 93
electronic churches via, 434 Kurdistan, gender in, 300 social institution of, 104, 105, 106 marriage impacting, 377
military creating Global Information Kuwait state capitalist regulation through, race-ethnicity in relation to, 283
Grid as, 489 colonialism in, 211 352–53 religion impacting, 421
online shaming sites via, 165 oil-rich nation status of, 210 “three strikes,” 179 social class impacting, 233–34