Page 40 - CCFA Journal - Second Issue

加中金融

1. 为服务贸易和高质量发展提供新动能 1. Provide new momentum for service trade and high-
quality development
RCEP最早由东盟10国在2011年第19届东盟峰会中提出构想，
基于东盟此前五个“10+1”的贸易协定，邀请中国、日本、韩 RCEP was first conceived by the 10 ASEAN countries at the 19th
ASEAN Summit in 2011. Based on ASEAN’s previous five “10+1”
国、印度、澳大利亚、新西兰亚太 6 个重要国家共同参与。
2012 年“10+6”国（包括印度）领导人发布《启动<区域全面 trade agreements, 6 important countries in the Asia-Pacific region
including China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, and New
经济伙伴关系协定>谈判的联合声明》。此后谈判经过 3 次领导 Zealand were invited to participate. In 2012, the leaders of the “10+6”
人会议、19 次部长级会议和 28 轮正式谈判。直到 2019 年 11 月 countries (including India) issued the “Joint Statement on Launching
4 日，终于在泰国曼谷完成了谈判阶段，开始进入各国的法审 the Negotiations of the Regional Comprehensive Economic
程序，印度在此时决定退出谈判。RCEP 覆盖 22.7 亿人口，约 Partnership Agreement.” Since then, the negotiations have gone
占世界总人口的 30%，15 个成员国 2019 年 GDP 规模达 25.6 万 through 3 leadership meetings, 19 ministerial meetings and 28 rounds
亿美元，占全球经济总量的 29.3%，区域内贸易额 10.4 万亿美 of formal negotiations. The negotiation phrase was finally completed
on November 4, 2019 in Bangkok, Thailand, and the legal
元，占全球贸易总额的 27.4%，投资额约占 32%的全球投资，
确实是全球最大的经济贸易协定。中国的市场规模、人口、经 proceedings begun with India withdrawing from the negotiation.
RCEP covers 2.27 billion people, about 30% of the world’s total
济体量、贸易额等在 RCEP 成员国中均居首位，在其中占据了 population. The GDP of the 15 member states in 2019 reached 25.6
较为重要地位。 trillion U.S. dollars, accounting for 29.3% of the global economy.
The intra-regional trade volume was 10.4 trillion U.S. dollars,
印度在 2019 年提出因“有重要问题尚未得到解决”而退出该协 accounting for 27.4% of global trade, and investment within the
定，其主要担忧则是区域内自由贸易或将加剧本国产业的竞争 region accounted for approximately 32% of global investments. It is
格局。总理莫迪决定退出 RCEP 的时候，在演说中表现得非常 indeed currently the world’s largest economic and trade agreement.
“悲壮”：“当我评估 RCEP 时，我必须尊重所有印度人的利 China’s market size, population, economic volume, and trade volume
益，但我没有得到一个正面的答案。因此，无论是甘地的护符 all rank first among the RCEP member states, occupying a relatively
还是我自己的良知，都不会允许我让印度加入 RCEP。”近年 important position among them.
来印度对 RCEP 成员国尤其是对中国的贸易逆差持续攀升， In 2019, India proposed to withdraw from the agreement because of
2019 年达到了 486.52 亿美元，占印度全部贸易逆差总额的 50% “important issues that have not yet been resolved.” Its main concern
以上。不过 RCEP 依然保留了对印度后续加入的特殊安排，未 is that free trade in the region may intensify the competitive
来如果印度加入，RCEP 的规模体量及全球重要性地位将得到 landscape of its own industries. When Prime Minister Modi decided
进一步提升。 to withdraw from RCEP, he was very “sentimental” in his speech:
“When I evaluate RCEP, I must respect the interests of all Indians,
新的 RCEP 协议也彰显了亚太经济阶段性共荣的前景，以及中 but I did not get a positive answer. Therefore, neither Gandhi’s
日韩贸易对话的弹性。以日本为例，5 大农产品的进口关税仍 talisman nor my own conscience will allow me to let India join
将保留，包括大米，小麦，牛肉和猪肉，奶制品以及糖类作物。 RCEP. ” In recent years, India’s trade deficit with RCEP members,
而对日本出口商而言，新的协议意味着中国和韩国将逐步取消 especially China, has continued to rise, reaching 48.652 billion U.S.
对日本清酒和烧酎的关税。中国对这两类产品的关税继 21 年以 dollars in 2019, accounting for more than 50% of India’s total trade
deficit. However, RCEP still retains special arrangements for India’s
来将减少 40%，韩国将继 15 年以来减少 15%，此外中国对日本 subsequent accession. If India decides to join in the future, the scale
非养殖扇贝的 10%关税也将移除。 and global importance of RCEP would be further enhanced.

The new RCEP agreement also highlights the prospect of a phased
co-prosperity in the Asia-Pacific economy and the flexibility of
China-Japan-Korea trade dialogue. Take Japan as an example. Import
tariffs on five major agricultural products will remain, including rice,
wheat, beef and pork, dairy products and sugar crops. For Japanese
exporters, the new agreement means that China and South Korea will
gradually eliminate tariffs on Japanese sake and shochu. China’s
tariffs on these two products will be reduced by 40% starting 2021.
In addition, China’s 10% tariff on Japanese non-farmed scallops will
also be removed.

CCFA JOURNAL OF FINANCE DECEMBER 2020
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