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Kitab Syarah Aqud   al-mansub ila tariq al-Qushashi written   Mystic-Philosophical Thought in   The Serat Cabolek tells the story of a   Sunan Mangkurat IV to impose the death   Manuscript of the Kitab
 Alujain, written by Imam   by Abdurrauf ibn Ali al-Jawi al-Fansuri   Java  Sufi named Haji Ahmad Mutamakin   penalty on Haji Ahmad Mutamakin.   Awamil on the grammar
 Nawawi Al-Bantani about   (1615-1690).  In line with al-Kurani,   Religious conflict between orthodox   who lived during the reign of Sunan   However, due to Sunan Mangkurat   of Arabic in Pondok
 52
 household ethics in   Abdurrauf’s text provides a more   Mangkurat IV (1719-1726) and his son   IV’s sudden death, the sentencing was   Pesantren Duri Sawo,
 Islam  conciliatory reinterpretation of the   Muslims who held on to the legal formal   Paku Buwana II (1726-1749) in the village   delayed until after the installment of Paku   Ponorogo, East Java
 aspects of the Shari’a and followers
 Source: Directorate of   doctrine of existential monism by way of   of Islamic mystical notions also took   of Cabolek, Tuban on the northern   Buwana II, the new king of Kartasura.  Source: Directorate of
 History and Cultural   underlining its agreement with the Qur’an   place in Java. Shari’a scholars used the   shore of East Java. He is depicted as   In essence, this case differs from that in   History and Cultural
 Values, Ministry of   and the Prophetic tradition.  same motives to brand certain Sufis as   a disseminator of mystical tenets that   Aceh as the mystical notions Haji Ahmad   Values, Ministry of
 Education and Culture   Abdurrauf appears to have been very   religious outcasts. They were thrown   digressed from the Shari’a among   Mutamakin propagated did not lead to   Education and Culture
 of the Republic of   careful in deciding what position to take   because they were seen as embracing   laymen which, of course, caused unrest   the doctrine of the seven lofty stages as   of the Republic of
 Indonesia  between the two opposing factions. In   heterodox notions and the pattern   within the Muslim community, especially   inal-Burhanpuri’s al-Tuhfah al-Mursalah.   Indonesia
          among Shari’a‘ulamaa round Tuban. Haji
 Tanbih al-Mashi, the spirit of Abdurrauf’s   followed the one that had occurred in the   Ahmad Mutamakin was also accused   The knowledge of the profound reality
 mystical notions are implicitly in line with   Malay regions, especially in Aceh and in   of disloyalty and even of harassing the   only taught about the concept of the
 those of al-Raniri, viz. by expressing   the wider Islamic world, and as the care   local authorities when he named his   perfection of life. The story tells that
 his disagreement with the exaggerated   of, al-Hallaj.  two dogs Abdul Qahar and Kamaruddin   Haji Ahmad Mutamakin took mystical
 existential doctrine that underlines   The Serat Cebolek is one of several   that were the names of two officials, the   lessons from a Yemeni Sufi master, i.e.
 the absolute unity of God and nature;   Javanese texts that illustrate motives   penghulu and the ketib in Tuban. The   Shaykh Zain and he found surprising
 however, he also opposed al-Raniri’s   happened to religious outcast against the   ‘ulama of Tuban filed a suit against Haji   similarities with the mystical tenets in
 attitude of radically going against the   notions of Islamic mysticism. The work is   Mutamakin’s deportment with the King of   the texts of Bhima Suciand Dewa Ruci.
 heretical notions. 53  written in Javanese poetic form (tembang)   Kertasura. 55  Nevertheless, both mystical tenets
 In fact, unlike al-Raniri, Abdurrauf   and composed by the poet of the   In the Serat Cabolek, it was Ketib Anom   apparently put a similar emphasis on the
                                                 possible union between man and the
 did not denounce the followers of the   Surakarta Palace in Central Java, Raden   Kudus who was to be the leading ‘ulama   Hidden Reality (read: God), when one
 Wujudiyyah doctrine as infidels. He   Ngabehi Yasadipura I, who served during   in Tuban who viciously challenged the   arrives at a certain stage.
 countered al-Raniri who accused these   the reigns of Paku Buwana III (1749-1788)   mystical notions Haji Ahmad Mutamakin
 followers of being infidels by way of   and Paku Buwana IV (1788-1820). In his   disseminated. He was depictedas   In one episode in the Bhima Suci, for
 issuing a fatwa urging people to kill   capacity of royal poet, especially during the   an orthodox ‘alim who was not only   example, it is narrated that Werkudara
 them, which caused severe enmity   reign of Paku Buwana III, Yasadipura I was   qualified in Islamic knowledge, but also   (another name for Bima) was ordered
 and a prolonged conflict in the Muslim   entrusted to compose literary works and   in Javanese traditions. It was Ketib Anom   to enter the garb cave (within the womb
 community.  he has written a number of texts like Serat   Kudus who led the ‘ulama of Tuban   of) Dewa Ruci through his left ear.
 Cabolek, Babad Giyanti, Babad Prayut,   to propose to the King of Kartasura,   Inside Dewa Ruci’s body, Werkudara
 52.  In-depth discussions on this literary work may   54
 befound in Oman Fathurrahman’s Tanbih al-Mashi.  Pasinden Badaya, and many others.  Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1975), p. 17.  attained the perfection of life through
 53. Azra, Jaringan Ulama…, p. 191.  54.  S. Soebardi, The Book of Cabolek (The   55. Soebardi, The Book of Cabolek …, p. 27.  witnessing Pancamaya, which means the



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