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uncovering of the nature of the essence by the reigning king, as the judge who who resided in Demak. He was accused result they were sentenced to death by
(alam hakikat) for what was known to pronounces Haji Ahmad Mutamakin’s of being an infidel and murdered being drowned in the sea.
him as mukashafa, the catur warna (four mystical notions as perversely heterodox because his notions were seen as In short, the history and the dynamics
colors: black, red, yellow, and white), and contravening the Shari’a. The Serat misleading the Islamic Shari’a. The of mystical thinking of the archipelago
57
an eight-colored flare, and an ivory doll. Cabolek differs clearly from stories of all story of Sunan Panggung is also told produced literary works that enriched
Then, Dewa Ruci explained the things the other cases of religious out casts, as in the Serat Kanda, which explicates the Muslim intellectual tradition. The
Werkudara witnessed as being the notions Shaykh Siti Jenar, Sunan Panggung, Ki that he had deeply fallen in love with following parts will specifically deal
of the knowledge of profound reality Bebeluk, and Shaykh Among Raga, as God. Sunan Panggung essentially saw
(ilmu hakikat), including the ontological they allended with their executions. nothing around but God. Besides, it is with the history and the development of
connection between God and man. 56 also told that he used to take his two Islamic thinking in the field of hadith.
Shaykh Siti Jenar was put on trial by dogs -named “iman” and “tawhid”- with
In the Book of Cabolek, Haji Ahmad the Wali Songo, as he was accused of him when he went to the mosque. It was Thoughts of the Indonesian
Mutamakin’s mystical notions were disseminating the heterodox notions presumably because of his heretical Ulama in the Field of Hadith
accused of being perversely heterodox of existential monism. For Shaykh Siti mystical notions and his perceived We have seen above that Aceh bequeat
but it did not end in the death penalty Jenar, who, according to Javanese insulting behavior that the orthodox hed the first round of intellectual works in
although Ketib Anom Kudus had certainly tradition lived during the reign of the Giri ‘ulama accused him of rescinding the the fields of Sufism, Qur’anic commentary,
proposed capital punishment to the King Sultanate, there is no reality in this world Shari’a which would certainly endanger and Islamic law. Hadith was not among
of Kartasura, Paku Buwana II. In this other than God. Thus, it is narrated that religious life among Muslim society. the pioneering works because of the
case, the king granted amnesty under when one of the Wali Songo, viz. Sunan The tales of religious outcast against restricted availability of primary sources
the clear stipulations that Haji Ahmad Giri asked him why he did not attend Shaykh Siti Jenar and Sunan Panggung and thus it was almost forgotten. Very
Mutamakin was no longer permitted Friday prayers, Shaykh Siti Jenar replied might also belong to similar motives. few experts on Indonesian Islam paid
to spread his mystical notions to any that there was essentially no Friday, The only difference between the two special attention to the study of Hadith
Muslim layman. It seems that, because essentially no mosque, and nothing else is that Shaykh Siti Jenar’s life ended in Indonesia, nor did they trace how far
he was a royal poet, the author of but the existence of God the Real. In because he was be headed, where as
Serat Cabolek, Yasadipura I, wanted to Islamic tradition, Shaykh Siti Jenar is the Sunan Panggung was thrown into the back the tradition of writing books on
underscore the king’s benevolence in “Javanese al-Hallaj”. The Wali Songo, fire together with his two dogs. Hadith developed in the archipelago.
Nevertheless, most Muslims believe that
granting amnesty to a convicted person. representing the orthodox ‘ulama,
The Serat Cabolek clearly also points to sentenced him to death because of his Other tales of religious out casts in the Hadith is the second most important
the superiority of the orthodox Islamic mystical tenets. Java concern those of Ki Bebeluk in source after the Qur’an. Therefore, within
notions by presenting Ketib Anom A similar religious outcast was Sunan the Sultanate of Pajang and Shaykh the general tradition of Islamic studies,
Kudus, as the hero and, fully supported Panggung. The Serat Cabolek narrates Among Raga in the Mataram Kingdom. books on hadith arranged them in various
groups depending on the reliability of the
Both were accused of embracing and
56. Hamid Nasuhi, Serat Dewaruci: Tasawuf Jawa that Sunan Panggung was an aristocrat
Yasadipura I (Jakarta: Ushul Press, 2009), pp. disseminating mystical notions that narratives such as the Sahih byal-Bukhari
180-181. 57. Soebardi, The Book of Cabolek…, p. 41. digressed from the Shari’a and as a (d. 870), the Sahih by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj

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