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Pragmatism

Pragmatism “understands knowing the world as
inseparable from agency within it” (Legg, 2019). John

Dewey (1859-1952) is one of the more well-known

pragmatists. Pragmatists are notable for concerning
themselves with useful ideas and contribute to social

progress, rather than those that are lofty and
transcendental.

For Dewey, ‘learning is life’, and so the learner is the

centre of the learning process. Later, this approach would

become known as a learner-centred approach. As an Figure 13 John Dewey
educational philosophy, teachers are asked to develop (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:
John_Dewey_cph.3a51565.jpg)
lifelong learners. (Boyd, n.d.).

Video

What is PRAGMATISM?
What does PRAGMATISM mean? PRAGMATISM meaning,

definition & explanation – an overview.

Humanism

Humanism, as the name suggests, centres on the independence and freedom of the
human. In this movement, reason and science take precedence over religion and

tradition. Humanism functions from the following assumptions:

• Humans have free will and therefore personal agency;

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