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                  NPP               Number System, Boolean Algebra and Logic Circuits              187


                                           A


                                            B                                   F
                                            C
                      Convert OR into NOR:                        OR  JoQ> H$mo NOR JoQ> _| n[ad{V©V H$aZo na:


                                             A
                                             B
                                             C
                      Convert AND into Bubbled AND:               AND JoQ> H$mo ~~ëS> AND JoQ> _| n[ad{V©V H$aZo na:


                                      A

                                      B

                                      C
                      The bubbled AND is equivalent to NOR:       ~~ëS> AND JoQ> NOR Ho$ Vwë` hmoVm h¡…

                                  A


                                  B

                                  C
                      The three NOT Gates can be replaced with    VrZ  NOT JoQ>m| Ho$ ñWmZ na em°Q>}S>  NOR bJm
                  shorted NOR:                                gH$Vo h¢…

                                     A

                                     B

                                     C

                       Problem 3.41                                àíZ 3.41
                      Draw AND using NAND:                        AND JoQ> H$mo NAND JoQ> H$s ghm`Vm go ~ZmAmo…
                  Solution:                                   hc:

                                               A
                                                                       A.B
                                               B
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