Page 305 - FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

NPP Number System, Boolean Algebra and Logic Circuits 305

Therefore one can replace other. AV… XmoZm| JoQ> EH$-Xygao H$mo à{VñWm{nV H$a
gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&
2. The output of NOR gate after applying 2. NOR JoQ> Ho$ AmCQ>nwQ> H$mo {S>_m°J©Z H$m {Z`_ bJmZo
DeMorgan’s Theorem can be written as : Ho$ níMmV² Bg àH$ma go {bIm Om gH$Vm h¡…

A A + B = A . B

B
The output of Bubbled AND gate is: gmW hr ~~ëS> AND JoQ> Ho$ AmCQ>nwQ> H$mo ^r
BgàH$ma go {bIm Om gH$Vm h¡…

A

B A . B

Both outputs are same. Therefore one can AV… XmoZm| Ho$ AmCQ>nwQ> g_mZ h¢Ÿ& AV… CÝh| EH$-
replace others. NPP Xygao Ho$ ñWmZ na ~Zm`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

3. The output of shorted NOR can be found 3. em°Q>}S> NOR JoQ> H$m AmCQ>nwQ> BgàH$ma go nVm
as : bJm`m Om gH$Vm h¡…

A
A
A + A = A
A
But the output of NOT gate is: bo{H$Z NOT JoQ> H$m AmCQ>nwQ> ^r `hr h¡ …

A A

Thus, both have same output. AV… XmoZm| AmCQ>nwQ> g_mZ h¡Ÿ&
4. The output of shorted NAND gate can be 4. emQ>}S> NAND JoQ> H$m AmCQ>nwQ> BgàH$ma go
written as: ~Zm`m Om gH$Vm h¡…

A
A
A . A = A
A
But this is same as output of NOT gate. bo{H$Z NOT JoQ> H$m AmCQ>nwQ> ^r `hr h¡Ÿ&
Thus, both can replace each other.