Page 310 - FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

NPP

310 Fundamentals of Computers NPP

First implement Half Adder using Basic hm\$ ES>a H$mo _yb^yV JoQ>m| go ~ZmZo na:
gates:

A
Carry
B

Sum

Now, convert each OR into NOR by putting A~ àË`oH$ OR JoQ> Ho$ níMmV² ~~b bJmZo na
a bubble at the output. Automatically the corres- NOR JoQ> àmá {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& AV… ZrMo dmbm
ponding AND is converted into Bubbled AND. AND JoQ> ñdV… ~~ëS> AND ~Z OmEJm& D$nar AND
Put two bubbles and two NOT gates at upper
AND gate: H$mo Xmo ~~b VWm Xmo NOT bJmH$a ~~ëS> ~ZmZm hmoJm…

A

Carry
B

Sum

Note that two NOT gates of lower OR are Bg n[anW _| Ü`mZ X|Ÿ& OR JoQ> Ho$ BZnwQ> dmbo XmoZm|
removed because A and B are available NOT JoQ> hQ> JE Š`m|{H$ A VWm B D$na CnbãY h¢Ÿ&
above. Each Bubbled AND can be replaced with A~ ~~ëS> AND H$mo NOR _| ~Xb gH$Vo h¢ VWm NOT
NOR gate and NOT Gates can be replaced by JoQ>m| H$mo ^r em°Q>}S> NOR _| ~Xb gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&
shorted NOR.