Page 242 - 00. Complete Version - Progress Report IPEN 2014-2016

242 Environmental Science and Technology | Progress Report

ganisms. The main projects, carried out and elements, such as Ca, Cl, K, Mg, Na, S, Fe and Zn
ongoing, are listed below. are important for athletes submitted to con-
stant and hard physical efforts, because their
Environmental area Environmental diagnostic: health and physical performance depend on
Metal pollution: Brazil stands out in success- the variation and concentration of these elec-
ful biofuel technology in the automotive full trolytic elements. The analytical methodology
flex type. Currently, full flex type cars, (83% of for the determination of the electrolytic ele-
demand), amount to about 3 mi vehicles. The ments, in whole blood samples, has been es-
determination of wear metals in used lubri- tablished by EDXRF (Energy dispersive X-ray
cating oils is an important factor for preven- Fluorescence Spectrometry) for the long dis-
tative maintenance and motor engineering tance runner; and the results will be compared
performance, in the automobile area, and for with NAA (Neutron Activation Analysis) data.
the concern about public health and environ-
mental pollution. Wear metals have been de- Nuclear area Nuclear fuel: The chemical char-
termined in the used lubricating oils collected acterization of the nuclear fuel U3Si2 used
from biofuel vehicles, full flex type, to evaluate in the IEA-R1 reactor has been performed by
environmental impact in metal release. The WDXRF spectrometry. U and Si content plus
project has been performed with GM (General impurities, such as B, Mg, Al, total Ca, V, Cr,
Motors) cooperation. Wood preservation: Bra- Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Sn and Pb have
zil produces around 1,2 mi m3 of treated wood been determined using the Multivariate Cali-
to meet the annual demand of railways, elec- bration method. Nuclear related materials: In
tric, rural and construction sectors. The treated the fabrication of nuclear reactor core parts,
wood should be according to Brazilian norms; Zircaloys machining scrapes are generated.
the majority of the wood preservative product Two metallurgical processes (VAR furnace and
used in Brazil is CCA (chromated copper arse- powder metallurgy) were applied to the eval-
nate). The analytical methodologies using the uation of the scrap recycling process, at the
EDXRF (Energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence CCTM (Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia de Ma-
Spectrometry) and PXRF (Portable X-ray Fluo- teriais, IPEN). The characterization of the ma-
rescence Spectrometry) have been performed jor constituents (Cr, Fe, Sn and Hf) and impu-
to Cu, Cr and As determination, in treated euca- rities, such as Al, Ca, Cu, Mg, Ni, Mn, Nb, Pb, Si,
lyptus (Eucaliptus ssp) woods. The results will Ti, V and W, was determined by EDXRF spec-
be compared with FAAS and NAA data. This trometry. Sulphur withdrawal degree in dif-
study has been carried out in a joint work with ferent organic solvents has been performed
IPT (Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas, SP). by EDXRF spectrometry. Eye makeup, known
Clinical and biological area Elements such as as eye shadow is an old and recurring custom
Na, Mg, P, Cl, S, K Ca and Fe in the whole blood and form in various cultures for body orna-
of mdx humans (healthy population) and lab- mentation and one of the earliest reports of
oratory animals (Dmd /J mice, Crioula breed the use of makeup dates from ancient Egypt.
horse, golden hamster) were analyzed for refer- In Brazil, the use of cosmetics is common in
ence interval values determination. Chemical several age groups, and commercially easy to
characterization of biological materials, such access, being the responsibility of the National
as rabbit urinary stone, lung tissues and sali- Agency of Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA) the
va from Amblyomma Cajannense specie, has supervision of these products as to the safety
been outlined for clinical studies. Electrolytic margin in the application in which they are

Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares