Page 349 - Chinese Porcelain Vol I, Galland

PAINTED IN COLOURS OVER THE GLAZE. 201

might have taken place via China to Batavia, still the bulk of
the consignment must have been of Chinese and not Japanese
origin.
The manufactories in China seem to have been on
always
a much scale than those of
larger Japan ; and while the former
allowed, if not encouraged, the export of her manufactures, the
latter restricted the same as much as ; and there can
possible
be no doubt that considered by M. Jacque-
many descriptions
mart and others as of Japanese origin were made in and
shipped from China during the Tsing dynasty. There is very
little of the mandarin china marked ; the traders seem to have
found it hopeless to try and pass it off as " Ming." Besides,
some sort of ware was wanted in for use in
quantity everyday
European houses. This demand was met by importations of
mandarin and Indian china, much of which as old as
is
just
many of the pieces decorated in the old style, and adorned with
Ming marks.
The word " mandarin," like many others in use among Euro-
peans in China, comes from the Portuguese, finding its origin
"
in their mandar" to command, and is used to denote the
classes from the to the
ruling highest lowest, each grade
having, of course in Chinese, its own proper name. With
to the on mandarin is of interest
regard figures pieces, it
"
to note the as Sir John Davis The
following, given by :
extremes of heat and cold which prevail throughout the
country at opposite seasons of the year, joined to the general
custom of much in the
living very open air, are the causes
which have probably given rise to the broad and marked
distinctions that exist between the summer and the winter
dress of the better classes. The summer cap is a cone of finely
woven filaments of bamboo, or a substance resembling chip,
and surmounted, in persons of any rank, by a red, blue, white,
or gilded ball at the apex or point of the cone. From the in-
sertion of this ornamental ball, descends all round, over the
a or rather bunch, of crimson silk, or of red horse-
cap, fringe,
hair ; in front of the cap is sometimes worn a single large pearl.
The winter instead of a cone, fits closer to the
cap, being
of the head, and has a brim, turned
shape sharply all round,
of black velvet or fur, and a little in front and
rising higher
behind than at the sides. The is surmounted
dome-shaped top
o 2