Page 133 - Maukon
P. 133

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                                                             (c)
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                                                                                                   EdkifiHBuD;tcsdKU
                            a'oBuD; 14 ckjzifh EdkifiHawmfudk wnfaqmufzGJUpnf;&rnf/ tcsKdUaom
                         a'oBuD;twGif;ü vdktyfonfh udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& pD&ifpkrsm; (Self
                               cdkifrmaom jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmf xlaxmifEdkifa&;twGuf tqifhwl
        taumiftxnfazmfwJh vlyk*¾dKvfawG&JU usifhBuHtm;xkwfrI rrSefuefrI pwJh uwåm;ydkif;?
                                                                   wdkY at;twlyltrQ OruGJodkufrysuf pkaygif;aexdkifMuonfh EdkifiHawmf
                                              EdkifiHawmfe,fedrdwfonf þtajccHOya' twnfjzpfaomaeYwGif wnf
                                                 EdkifiHawmf\ tcsKyftjcmtmPmonf EdkifiHwpf0ef;vHk;ü wnfap&rnf/
                                                          emrynwfjzpfonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmfonf wdkif;&if;om; vlrsKd;tm;vHk;
                                                       odkYr[kwf jrefrmwdkY\ tcsKyftjcmtmPmydkif vGwfvyfaom EdkifiHjzpf
                                                             jrefrmwdkYonf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;tm;vHk;udk udk,fpm;jyKac:a0:aom
                                                                      jrefrmEdkifiHonf aoG;csif;om;csif;rsm;jzpfaom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkrsm;
                                                                                                         vufawGUjzpfEdkifwJh rlawG? udk,fhEdkifiHudk,fhvlrsKd;&JU "avhp½dkuf? tawG;tac:eJY
           tac:t,ltq r&ifhusufrIawG? oufqdkif&m EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;&JU aysmhuGuf[muGuf?
                                  w&m;rQwrI? vGwfvyfrIESifh nDrQrIwdkYudk tajccHonfh pnf;vHk;nDñGwf
                                                                                                            ppfrSefNyD; pnf;urf;jynfh0wJh EdkifiHawmfopfwnfaqmuf&mrSm trSef wu,f
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                                           &Sdonfhtwdkif; wnfap&rnf/ ydkif;jcm;cGJpdwfír&onfh wpfvHk;wpfpnf;
                                        wnf;aom EdkifiHydkifeufjzpfNyD; þEdkifiHydkifeuftwGif;rS rnfolrQ cGJxGufjcif;
                                                                                  jcif;qdkwJh avmuygvw&m;udk azmfaqmifEdkifwJh EdkifiHawmftjzpf wnfaqmufzGJUpnf;
                                                                                    wJh? cGJxGufjcif;rjyKEdkifwJh? tcsKyftjcmtmPmydkifwJh nDrQjcif;? vGwfvyfjcif;? w&m;rQw
                ]]tcsKyftjcmtmPmudk tmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;wpfckck&JU vufxJ 0uGuftyfESif;
                                                                                                [m NydKuGJvsuf&SdNyD; jynfoltrsm;[m vlrIa&;eJY pD;yGm;a&;ted|m½HkawG cHpm;aeMu&wm
                   EdkifiHawmfudk jynfaxmifpkor®w jrefrmEdkifiHawmf[k ac:wGifap&rnf/
                                                                                          oifcef;pm,lNyD; jrefrmEdkifiHawmfudk tpOftvm nDñGwfpkpnf;rI? tpOftvm wef;wl
                                                                                             udk 0rf;enf;pGmawGUjrifae&ygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk tpdwfpdwft>rm>rm NydKuGJaewJh EdkifiHrsm;udk
                                                                                       &nfwl vufwGJaexkdifcJhrIqdkwJh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrI tajccHawGeJY cGJjcm;r&
                                                                            EdkifiHawmfeJYywfoufNyD;
                                                                            EdkifiHawmfeJYywfoufNyD;
                                                                            EdkifiHawmfeJYywfoufNyD;
             NyD; tcsKyftjcmtmPmudk wpfqifhcGJa0cH,lusifhoHk;wJh yHkpH[m jynfoltcsdKU&JU tawG;
                                                                            EdkifiHawmfeJYywfoufNyD;
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                                                                            EdkifiHawmf&JUuHMur®mudk
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                                           ta0;wGif todynm&Sif? twwfynm&Sif
                                           ta0;wGif todynm&Sif? twwfynm&Sif
                                           ta0;wGif todynm&Sif? twwfynm&Sif
                                           ta0;wGif todynm&Sif? twwfynm&Sif
                                           ta0;wGif todynm&Sif? twwfynm&Sif
                                        twdkif; qufvuftBuHjyK wifjyMucJhonf/
                                        qufvuftBuHjyK wifjyMucJhonf/
                                        twdkif; qufvuftBuHjyK wifjyMucJhonf/
                                        qufvuftBuHjyK wifjyMucJhonf/
                                        twdkif;     qufvuftBuHjyK wifjyMucJhonf/
        (Check and balance)t&
                                                                   tjrifhqHk;tmPmydkif
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                                              EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm; csrSwfEdkifa&;twGuf trsKd;om;nDvmcH pHknDtpnf;
                                              EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm; csrSwfEdkifa&;twGuf trsKd;om;nDvmcH pHknDtpnf;
                                                             ua&pD yHkpHusw,fvdkY 'DaeYacwf? 'DaeYjzpfay:wdk;wufaewJh  EkdifiHa&;odyHÜ tawG;tac:
                                                                                                         awG jrifcJh? awGUcJhMu&ygNyD/ pnf;vHk;nDnGwfrIawG xdcdkufcJh&ygNyD/ EdkifiHawmf&JU wdk;wuf
                                                                                    aMumif; xif&Sm;vsuf&Sdygw,f/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh yGifhyGifhvif;vif;wifjy&&if EdkifiHawmfrSm
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                                                                                                      zGHUNzdK;rIawG t[efYtwm;jzpfcJh&ygNyD/  EdkifiHawmfrSm BuHKawGUcJh&wJh EdkifiHa&;tcuftcJ
                                                          t& ajymvdkYr&awmhygbl;/ rawmfwq ygvDref'Drdkua&pD (NAdwdoQt&if;&Sif e,fcsJUwdkY
                                                                                                   tusyftwnf;awGudk tajccHOya'abmiftwGif;u rajz&Sif;EdkifwJh om"uawGvnf;
                                                                                       ay;xm;wJh yHkpHjzpfaer,fqdk&if ordkif;tawGUtBuHKrsm;t& vufcHusifhoHk;í rjzpfEdkif
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                                                                      ]]EdkifiHawmf&JU tcsKyftjcmtPmudk jynfolvlxku a&G;aumufwifajr§muffwJh
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                                                                                  BuHKawGU&NyDjzpfwJh vTwfawmfu tcsKyftjcmtmPm cH,lwJhpepf? taemufwdkif; 'Drdk
                                                                                                            ur®ydkif;qdkif&m aysmhuGuf[muGuf tm;enf;csufr&ifhusufrIawGaMumifh ted|m½Hkw&m;
                                                                               ua&pDEdkifiHrsm;rSm ajymqdkusifhoHk;aewJh ygvDrefrSm tmPm&ygwD acgif;aqmifwpfOD;
                                                                   (trnftm;jzifh
                                                                vTwfawmfyJac:ac:? ygvDrefyJac:ac:)u cH,lusifhoHk;wJhyHkpHudk azmfaqmifrSom 'Drdk
                                                                         *wfEdkifiHawmfrSm vHk;0vufcHusifhoHk;zdkY roifhawmfaMumif; &Sif;vif;wifjyvdkygw,f}}
                                                                                          a&;udkyg udkifwG,fusifhoHk;aer,f? odkYr[kwf pGufzufcs,fvS,fcGifh? MoZmvTrf;rdk;cGifh
                                                                                             tmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;wpfckcku Oya'jyKrItmPma&m tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmeJY w&m;pD&if
                                           udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJUu atmufyg
                                     ]]obmywdBuD;cifAsm; - pdwfopfvlopfeJY EdkifiHawmfopfudk wnfaqmuf&mrSm
                                  t,ltqa[mif;awG? tpOftvma[mif;awGtay: oHa,mZOftrQifwef;ae wmawG?
                                           udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJUu atmufyg
                                           udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJUu atmufyg
                                           udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJUu atmufyg
                               [kwfrS[kwfyghrvm;? jzpfrSjzpfyghrvm;qdkNyD; 'Gd[oHo,pdwf 0ifaewmawG? wpfckwpfzGJU
             tjyif wyfrawmftygt0if EdkifiHawmf&JU tjcm;aom trsdK;om;tiftm;pkrsm;udkvnf;
                EdkifiHawmf&JU tcsKyftjcmtmPm ta&;t&mudpöawGrSm EdkifiHa&;ygwD tiftm;pkawG
                   cGifh r&Sdap&ef pDrHaqmif&GufMurSmjzpfygw,f/ Oya'jyKrI? tkyfcsKyfrI? w&m;pD&ifrIqdkwJh
                            wpftkyfpk tusKd;twGuf ½IjrifoHk;oyfaqmif&GufcsifwJh tavhtusifhawG udk &yfwef;u
           tjyeftvSef
                      ]]ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDpepfrSm vlwpfpkwpfzGJUu EdkifiHawmftmPmudk cs,fvS,foHk;pGJ
        ydkif;jcm;usifhoHk;wJh
                                              EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm; csrSwfEdkifa&;twGuf trsKd;om;nDvmcH pHknDtpnf;
                                              EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm; csrSwfEdkifa&;twGuf trsKd;om;nDvmcH pHknDtpnf;
                                                    aeMur,fqdk&ifvnf; twdwf&JUtusOf;om;awGyJjzpfNyD; jynfolvlxk&JUtusKd;udk xd
                                                       vTrf;rdk;NyD; urÇmudk e,fcsJUcJhaom ygvDrefyHkpH)pepfudkom acgif;xJpGJaeNyD; taozufwG,f
                                           udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJUu atmufyg
                                              EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm; csrSwfEdkifa&;twGuf trsKd;om;nDvmcH pHknDtpnf;
                      onf
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                                                                                          'ghaMumifh -
                                                                                       (u)
                                           wpf&yfvHk;eJY
                   cGifhwpfckwnf;jzifh
                   cGifhwpfckwnf;jzifh
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                                                                                                                 EdkifiHwnf armfuGef;rsm;
        xGef;um;&efrvG,fulaMumif;}}
        xGef;um;&efrvG,fulaMumif;}}
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                                           vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;csif;
                   cGifhwpfckwnf;jzifh jynfolYvuf0,fü
                   jynfolYvuf0,fü
          wpf&yf&yf tusKd;pD;yGm;jzpfxGef;a&;udkom
           wpf&yf&yf tusKd;pD;yGm;jzpfxGef;a&;udkom
                                                                                                            (Seperation of Power) yHkpHjzifhoGm;wm[m
   &Sif;&Sif;pmay
                   cGifhwpfckwnf;jzifh jynfolYvuf0,fü tmPmwnf&ef
                   tmPmwnf&ef
                                           qufqH&mrSmjzpfap?
                                                                   rSwfoifhaMumif; tBuHjyKwifjytyfygw,f/
                                                                                                            tmPmtvGJoHk;pm;rIrsm;
                                                                                  NyD; tjyeftvSefxdef;ausmif;rIpepfjzifh azmfaqmif&rnf/
                               ]]Principle of Political Science and Government pmtkyfudk
                   rvG,fulaMumif;?
                   jynfolYvuf0,fü tmPmwnf&ef rvG,fulaMumif;?
           OD;wnfusifhBuHygu 'Drdkua&pDusifhpOf
           wpf&yf&yf tusKd;pD;yGm;jzpfxGef;a&;udkom OD;wnfusifhBuHygu 'Drdkua&pDusifhpOf
             rnfjzpfaMumif; a0zefMuNyD; Opöm"ecGJa0rIü nDnDrQrQ? vlwpfzGJU? vlwpfpk? vlwef;pm;
             rnfjzpfaMumif; a0zefMuNyD; Opöm"ecGJa0rIü nDnDrQrQ? vlwpfzGJU? vlwpfpk? vlwef;pm;
                                                                                             and balance) jzifh taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&GufoifhaMumif; tBuHjyKvdkygw,f/
                                                                                                                 399
          wpf&yf&yf tusKd;pD;yGm;jzpfxGef;a&;udkom     OD;wnfusifhBuHygu 'Drdkua&pDusifhpOf
                                                                                                         Power) tmPm&Sifpepf (Dictatorship) jzpfay:vmEdkifrIudk wm;qD;umuG,f EdkifrSm
                cGJa0nDrQrSom tpdk;&,EÅ&m;tay: jynfolvlxktrsm;pku xda&mufpGmcsKyfudkifEdkif
           wpf&yf&yf tusKd;pD;yGm;jzpfxGef;a&;udkom OD;wnfusifhBuHygu 'Drdkua&pDusifhpOf
        xGef;um;&efrvG,fulaMumif;}} ponfjzifh a&;om;wifjyoGm;Muwm awGU&ygw,f}}
                cGJa0nDrQrSom tpdk;&,EÅ&m;tay: jynfolvlxktrsm;pku xda&mufpGmcsKyfudkifEdkif
             rnfjzpfaMumif; a0zefMuNyD; Opöm"ecGJa0rIü nDnDrQrQ? vlwpfzGJU? vlwpfpk? vlwef;pm;
           OD;wnfusifhBuHygu 'Drdkua&pDusifhpOf
             rnfjzpfaMumif; a0zefMuNyD; Opöm"ecGJa0rIü nDnDrQrQ? vlwpfzGJU? vlwpfpk? vlwef;pm;
             rnfjzpfaMumif; a0zefMuNyD; Opöm"ecGJa0rIü nDnDrQrQ? vlwpfzGJU? vlwpfpk? vlwef;pm;
                                                                                                      jzpfygw,f/ 'ghaMumifh rltm;jzifh tcsKyftjcmtmPm oHk;&yfjzpfwJh Oya'jyKtmPm?
                                                                                                            (Abouse of
                                                                                                tvSef xdef;ausmif;rIpepf (Seperation of Power based on the principle of check
                                                                                                   tkyfcsKyfrItmPmeJY w&m;pD;&ifrI tmPmwdkYudk jzpfEdkiforQ ydkif;jcm;usifhoHk;NyD; tjyef
                cGJa0nDrQrSom tpdk;&,EÅ&m;tay: jynfolvlxktrsm;pku xda&mufpGmcsKyfudkifEdkif
                               a&;om;wJh
                            bDrefbD [m&Dr*Ref'g (Biman Behari Majundar) tygt0if ynm&SifokawoD? pma&;
                                        a'owpfckcsif;&JU tusKd;pD;yGm;qufpyf&mrSmjzpfap? y&[dweJY twå[dw qufpyf&mrSm
                                     jzpfap? tzGJUtpnf;wpfzGJUeJYwpfzGJU qufqH&mrSmjzpfap o[Zmwjzpfatmif aqmif&Guf
                         ]]EdkifiHawmf\ tcsKyftjcmtmPm
                                                                         om;a&; tiftm;pkrsm;udkyg EdkifiHawmf\ ta&;t&mudpöawGrSm yg0if
                         ]]EdkifiHawmf\ tcsKyftjcmtmPm
                         ]]EdkifiHawmf\ tcsKyftjcmtmPm
                                                                      aqmif&GufvmEdkifapa&;wdkYtwGuf vrf;zGifhay;&rnfqdkwJh tajccHrlrsm;
                                                    &wJh udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u wdkif;jynfudk tkyfcsKyfjcif;? tkyfcsKyfwJhtpdk;&udk jzKwfcsEdkifjcif;?
                                                 vGwfvyfpGmajymqdkpnf;½Hk;vIyf&Sm;Edkifjcif;wdkYu 'Drdkua&pDusifhpOfudk azmfaqmifwJh toGif
                                                       wmudk tpktzGJUu tav;teufxm;ygw,f/ a&G;aumufyGJawG usif;yay;NyD; ta&G;cH
                                                          twGuf EdkifiHawmftmPm oHk;&yfudk tjyeftvSef xdef;ausmif;rIpepfeJY ydkif;jcm;usifhoHk;
                                                                ]]tem*wfEdkifiHawmfopfudk wnfaqmuf&mrSm tmPmtvGJoHk;pm;rIrjzpfa&;?
                                           EdkifiHawmf&JUtusKd;pD;yGm;eJY
                                                             vlwpfpk? vlyk*¾dKvftcsKdUwdkY&JU tusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf MoZmtmPmvTrf;rdk;rI rjzpfapa&;wdkY
                                              oP²mef(Form) rsm;omjzpfygw,f/ 'Drdkua&pDusifhpOf&JU tESpfom&[m vlYtzGJUtpnf;
                         q&mrsm;? tajccHOya'a&;&m uRrf;usifolrsm;u ]]EdkifiHawmf\ tcsKyftjcmtmPm
                                                                            azmf&müvnf; EdkifiHa&;ygwD tzGJUtpnf;rsm;omru EdkifiHawmf&JU trsKd;
                                                                               ,if;odkY tcsKyftjcmtmPmoHk;&yfudk ydkif;jcm;usifhoHk; taumiftxnf
                   tmPmwnf&ef rvG,fulaMumif;? "eOpöm
                   rvG,fulaMumif;? "eOpöm
                                                                                       EdkifiHawmf\ tcsKyftjcmtmPm oHk;&yfjzpfwJh Oya'jyKrItmPm? tkyf
                cGJa0nDrQrSom tpdk;&,EÅ&m;tay: jynfolvlxktrsm;pku xda&mufpGmcsKyfudkifEdkif
                                                                                    csKyfrItmPmeJY w&m;pD&ifrItmPmwdkYudk wpfoD;wpfjcm;pD ydkif;jcm;usifhoHk;
                cGJa0nDrQrSom tpdk;&,EÅ&m;tay: jynfolvlxktrsm;pku xda&mufpGmcsKyfudkifEdkif
                   "eOpöm
                      jynfolvlxküwnfygu 'Drdkua&pDxGef;um;onf[k tqdk&Sdaomfvnf; rJay;Edkif
                      jynfolvlxküwnfygu 'Drdkua&pDxGef;um;onf[k tqdk&Sdaomfvnf; rJay;Edkif
                         ]]EdkifiHawmf\ tcsKyftjcmtmPm
                      jynfolvlxküwnfygu 'Drdkua&pDxGef;um;onf[k tqdk&Sdaomfvnf; rJay;Edkif
                   "eOpöm
                   cGifhwpfckwnf;jzifh     jynfolYvuf0,fü     tmPmwnf&ef     rvG,fulaMumif;?     "eOpöm
                      jynfolvlxküwnfygu 'Drdkua&pDxGef;um;onf[k tqdk&Sdaomfvnf; rJay;Edkif
                      jynfolvlxküwnfygu 'Drdkua&pDxGef;um;onf[k tqdk&Sdaomfvnf; rJay;Edkif
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