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Quality & nutrition

such as olive and canola oils, given older Gillingham on the health
data suggesting preferential partitioning benefits of MUFAs, it
of oleic acid for oxidation versus retention was concluded that
in body storage compartments. MUFAs are capable of
A few studies examined the direct favourably modulating
actions of canola oil-based diets on human insulin sensitivity and
energy metabolism. For example, an glycaemic control when
analysis was done of the satiating effect of substituted for SFAs.
fat and its physiochemical properties in a Many dietary
double-blind, randomised crossover study. intervention studies
In this study, fat emulsions consisting of have tested the effects
6g of shea, canola oil, or safflower oil were that a substitution of
each provided to 15 healthy subjects. SFAs with MUFAs or
After four days, the canola and safflower PUFAs has on insulin
oils significantly increased fullness and sensitivity. However,
reduced hunger compared with the many other factors
saline control treatment, but no effects beyond dietary fatty Canola is a yellow-flowering plant of the Brassicaceae family which
on food intake were observed. Gut acid composition may includes the three species Brassica napus, B. rapa, and B. juncea.
peptides involved in the regulation of influence glucose
satiety and food intake were also analysed tolerance and insulin sensitivity. In intake, were designed. Also, compared
in this study. This study concluded that this arena, the focus has been on the to women cooking only with olive or
canola oil can increase cholecystokinin clinical outcomes of canola oil-based canola oil, those cooking only with
levels, which may, in turn, mediate diets on insulin sensitivity and glucose vegetable or maize oil were at 30%
the satiating effects in the ileum. tolerance compared to diets higher increased risk of developing breast
in SFAs and unsaturated fatty acids. cancer. The overarching objective
Sensitivity and tolerance It was reported that there were lower in these studies was to examine the
Evidence has shown that SFA intake is levels of glucose and steeper glucose association between dietary fat intake,
linked with insulin resistance, obesity, disappearance rates in participants cooking oil usage, and breast cancer
and metabolic syndrome. In a review by who consumed a canola oil-based diet risk in a population-based, multi-
compared with a high SFA diet after an ethnic, case-controlled environment.
intravenous glucose tolerance test. Among the fat components
estimated from the food frequency
Canola oil and cancer risk questionnaires, including SFAs and
The association between lipid oleic and linoleic acids, oleic acid
intake and various cancers has was more strongly associated with
been understudied, particularly in breast cancer than was linoleic acid,
humans. While no human clinical whereas SFA intake failed to associate
trials specific to canola oil and with breast cancer risk. To conclude,
cancer have been performed to studies exploring linkages between
date, in vitro and in vivo animal canola oil consumption and cancer
data exist and are examined here. risk modification remain equivocal.
Plant-based oils such as canola oil,
which is a good source (11%) of ALA, Conclusion
have also been examined for their After 15 years of continuing research
potential to modulate cancer cell growth on canola oil since the latest review,
and death. Protective effects of canola oil evidence shows several potential health
compared with maize oil against breast benefits of canola oil consumption.
and colon cancers have been reported Canola oil can now be regarded as one
in various cell and animal studies; of the healthiest edible vegetable oils in
however, more research is required to terms of its biological functions and its
provide definitive direction in this area. ability to aid in reducing disease-related
A human case-control study, which risk factors and improving health.
Canola has become one of the most important determined that total fat intake was
oilseed crops worldwide and canola oil is currently positively associated with breast cancer This is a shortened version of
the third largest vegetable oil by volume after palm
and soya bean oil. (Photograph: ID 50476719 © risk when adjustments were made for the original article published in
Stephan Bock | Dreamstime.com) age, race/ethnicity, and total energy Nutrition Reviews® Vol 71(6):370–385.

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