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shoring up its populist appeal — which
           could erode with the introduction of new
           taxes — and as part of its hopes for its
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           crease in female employment.
             However, it is much anticipated that
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           bring in added revenues for high-cost fa-
           cilities built during the days of higher oil
           prices. Moreover, it will also enhance the
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           help to attract more investments from the
           international corridors.
             Geopolitically,  tensions  between
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           continue rising as both countries have
           waged wars of words and proxies over
           Yemen, Lebanon and Syria. The KSA,
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           predominantly Shiite country, have a
           long-standing and biter enmity based on
           regional geopolitical, ambitious and re-
           ligious animosities. The nuclear deal of
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           its allies, and the storming of the KSA
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             While a full-scale shooting war be-
           tween the two superpowers appears    © Reuters
           unlikely at the time of writing, the
           possibility cannot be dismissed entire-
           ly. The tensions between them and the   KSA stands at another crossroads in its relationship with Russia, as President
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           continue and, given the other priorities   Vladimir Putin labors to restore Russia’s place on the world stage.
           discussed here, the proverbial last thing
           KSA needs is instability in its geopoliti-  more open in the international arena.   Also in the geopolitical category, the
           cal relationships.                  )DFHG ZLWK GHFOLQLQJ $PHULFDQ LQYROYH-  KSA stands at another crossroads in its
             ´,QVWDELOLW\ LV QRW LQ WKH EHVW LQWHUHVWV   ment in the Middle East and rising ag-  relationship with Russia, as President
           of Saudi Arabia,” says Lebanon-born Atif   JUHVVLYHQHVV RI ,UDQ  6DXGL $UDELD QHHGV   Vladimir Putin labors to restore Rus-
           Kubursi, economics professor emeritus at   friends, explains Kubursi. “They are   VLD·V  VWURQJ  SODFH  RQ  WKH  ZRUOG  VWDJH
           0F0DVWHU  8QLYHUVLW\  DQG  IRUPHU  DFWLQJ   WXUQLQJ  >WR  ,VUDHO@  EHFDXVH  RI  WKH  FRP-  Putin continues to pursue his own claim
           H[HFXWLYH VHFUHWDU\ RI WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV   monality of their interest in standing up   to global leadership, implicitly rivaling
           Economic and Social Commission.     WR ,UDQ µ KH VD\V                   86  3UHVLGHQW  'RQDOG  7UXPS  DQG  &KL-
                                                 However, the cost could become enor-  QD·V 3UHVLGHQW DQG *HQHUDO 6HFUHWDU\ RI
           Winds of change                     mous over time and could be exacted in   the Communist Party of China, Xi Jin-
           The geopolitical category includes a sur-  two parts. “There is going to be a cost,”   ping. Saudi Arabia seems to accept that
           prise that would have been unthinkable   .XEXUVL VD\V  ,W PD\ LQFOXGH DQ HURVLRQ RI   0RVFRZ  KDV  DFKLHYHG  LQÁXHQFH  LQ  WKH
           D GHFDGH DJR  )RU DQ XQNQRZQ SHULRG RI   6DXGL $UDELD·V UROH DV OHDGHU LQ WKH UHJLRQ   UHJLRQ   H[SODLQV  $QQD  %RUVKFKHYVND\D
           WLPH  .6$ DQG ,VUDHO KDYH EHHQ FRRSHU-  as other nations may become uncomfort-  ,UD :HLQHU )HOORZ DW WKH :DVKLQJWRQ ,Q-
           DWLQJ EHKLQG WKH VFHQHV DQG  LQ ODWH         able with the new relationship because   VWLWXWH ZLWK D IRFXV RQ 5XVVLD·V SROLF\ WR-
           reports of their rapprochement become   they resent the shift.          ward the Middle East.


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